Buck John D, Wells Randall S, Rhinehart Howard L, Hansen Larry J
Center for Marine Mammal and Sea Turtle Research, Mote Marine Laboratory, 1600 Ken Thompson Parkway, Sarasota, Florida 34236, USA.
J Wildl Dis. 2006 Jul;42(3):536-44. doi: 10.7589/0090-3558-42.3.536.
Our abilities to assess health risks to free-ranging dolphin populations, to treat live-stranded or captive dolphins, and to evaluate the risks of disease transmission between humans and dolphins have suffered from a lack of basic information on microorganisms associated with normal, presumably healthy free-ranging individuals. In order to provide these data, we sampled free-ranging bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) off Florida, Texas, and North Carolina during 1990-2002. Blowhole and anal/fecal samples yielded 1,871 bacteria and yeast isolates and included 85 different species or groups of organisms. Vibrios, unidentified pseudomonads, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus spp., and a large group of nonfermenting gram-negative bacteria represented >50% of isolates. Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio damsela were the most commonly recovered bacteria from both anal/fecal and blowhole samples. Many organisms occurred sporadically in dolphins that were sampled repeatedly, but some were consistently isolated from individual animals and may indicate the carrier state. Vibrios were common, but some geographic variability in the presence of these and other organisms was noted. Potential pathogens of significance to humans and other animals were recovered.
我们评估野生海豚种群健康风险、治疗搁浅或圈养海豚以及评估人类与海豚之间疾病传播风险的能力，因缺乏与正常、推测健康的野生个体相关的微生物基本信息而受到影响。为了提供这些数据，我们在1990年至2002年期间对佛罗里达州、得克萨斯州和北卡罗来纳州沿海的野生宽吻海豚（瓶鼻海豚）进行了采样。从喷水孔和肛门/粪便样本中分离出1871株细菌和酵母菌，包括85个不同的物种或生物类群。弧菌、未鉴定的假单胞菌、大肠杆菌、葡萄球菌属以及一大类非发酵革兰氏阴性菌占分离菌株的50%以上。溶藻弧菌和美人鱼弧菌是从肛门/粪便和喷水孔样本中最常分离出的细菌。许多生物在多次采样的海豚中偶尔出现，但有些在个体动物中持续分离到，可能表明其携带状态。弧菌很常见，但这些和其他生物的存在存在一些地理差异。分离出了对人类和其他动物具有重要意义的潜在病原体。
