O'Dea Jennifer A, Wilson Rachel
Faculty of Education and Social Work, Building A35, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Health Educ Res. 2006 Dec;21(6):796-805. doi: 10.1093/her/cyl125. Epub 2006 Nov 9.
A large national study of schoolchildren aged 6-18 years was conducted to assess nutritional and socio-cognitive factors associated with body mass index (BMI). A questionnaire was used to assess nutritional quality of breakfast, importance of physical activity and food variety score, among 4441 students from randomly selected schools in all states and territories of Australia between September and December 2000. Height and weight were measured. Nutritional knowledge, dietary self-efficacy and dietary locus of control were also assessed among adolescents. School socio-economic status (SES) was derived from parental income. The factors were modelled using multiple linear regression to determine significant predictors of BMI. Dietary self-efficacy, nutritional quality of breakfast and SES were found to be the principal predictors of BMI in addition to the expected biological factors of age, gender and height. Furthermore, low SES was found to contribute to high BMI, mediated by the low nutritional quality of breakfast. Food variety was positively associated with high BMI and this was mediated by dietary self-efficacy. Nutrition knowledge and dietary locus of control were not associated with BMI. These results suggest that breakfast programmes for low-income children may be an effective measure in the prevention of childhood obesity.
一项针对6至18岁学童的大型全国性研究开展，以评估与体重指数（BMI）相关的营养和社会认知因素。2000年9月至12月期间，在澳大利亚所有州和领地随机抽取的学校中，对4441名学生使用问卷评估早餐的营养质量、体育活动的重要性和食物种类得分。测量身高和体重。还对青少年评估了营养知识、饮食自我效能感和饮食控制点。学校社会经济地位（SES）源自父母收入。使用多元线性回归对这些因素进行建模，以确定BMI的显著预测因素。除了年龄、性别和身高这些预期的生物学因素外，饮食自我效能感、早餐的营养质量和SES被发现是BMI的主要预测因素。此外，发现低SES会导致高BMI，这是由早餐的低营养质量介导的。食物种类与高BMI呈正相关，这是由饮食自我效能感介导的。营养知识和饮食控制点与BMI无关。这些结果表明，针对低收入儿童的早餐计划可能是预防儿童肥胖的有效措施。
