[牛奶摄入量在家庭社会经济地位与儿童青少年体重指数之间的中介作用]
[Mediating effect of milk intake between family socioeconomic status and body mass index of children and adolescents].
作者信息
Shi X R, An M J, Chen T J, Ma J
机构信息
Peking University School of Public Health; Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
出版信息
Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2021 Feb 22;53(2):308-313. doi: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2021.02.013.
OBJECTIVE
To examine the association between family socioeconomic status (SES) and body mass index (BMI) -score of children and adolescents, and the mediating effect of milk intake in this association.
METHODS
In the study, 2 496 students and their parents were selected from 16 schools (4 urban middle schools, 4 rural middle schools, 4 urban primary schools, and 4 rural primary schools) using a stratified cluster sampling method. The frequency and amount of weekly milk intake from the 7-day Food Records reported by the students were extracted. The parents' education and household income were the indicators of family SES. The mediating effect of milk intake between family SES and BMI -score of children and adolescents were tested using the PROCESS add-on SPSS software.
RESULTS
Parents' education level and household income were positively correlated with BMI -score of children and adolescents (=0.001 and 0.038, respectively). The overall average daily intake of milk was (0.92±0.84) servings, and the frequency was (4.43±2.70) days per week. The students of primary school, in urban areas, with higher parents' education level, with higher household income, and being non-obese were likely to have higher frequency and amount of milk intake. Milk intake was one of the mediating factors in the relationship between family SES and BMI -score of children and adolescents. Specifically, the mediating effect of the frequency of milk intake accounted for -6.57% and -10.21% of the total effects of the association between the parents' education and the household income with BMI -score of children and adolescents, respectively. The mediating effect of the daily intake of milk accounted for -3.63% and -5.86% of the total effects of the association between the parents' education and the household income with BMI -score of children and adolescents, respectively.
CONCLUSION
The milk intake of Chinese children and adolescents still needs to be improved. High family SES was found to contribute to high BMI -score, mediated by the milk intake which was the protective factors of BMI -score. Further research is needed to study other dietary or physical exercise behaviors that mediate the relationship between family SES and BMI -score of children and adolescents in order to adopt more targeted interventions.
目的
探讨家庭社会经济地位（SES）与儿童青少年体重指数（BMI）得分之间的关联，以及牛奶摄入量在该关联中的中介作用。
方法
本研究采用分层整群抽样方法，从16所学校（4所城市中学、4所农村中学、4所城市小学和4所农村小学）选取了2496名学生及其家长。提取学生7天饮食记录中每周牛奶摄入的频率和量。家长的教育程度和家庭收入作为家庭SES的指标。使用SPSS软件的PROCESS插件检验牛奶摄入量在家庭SES与儿童青少年BMI得分之间的中介作用。
结果
家长的教育水平和家庭收入与儿童青少年的BMI得分呈正相关（分别为r = 0.001和0.038）。牛奶的总体日均摄入量为（0.92±0.84）份，摄入频率为每周（4.43±2.70）天。城市小学中，家长教育水平较高、家庭收入较高且非肥胖的学生牛奶摄入频率和量可能更高。牛奶摄入量是家庭SES与儿童青少年BMI得分之间关系的中介因素之一。具体而言，牛奶摄入频率的中介效应分别占家长教育程度和家庭收入与儿童青少年BMI得分关联总效应的-6.57%和-10.21%。牛奶日均摄入量的中介效应分别占家长教育程度和家庭收入与儿童青少年BMI得分关联总效应的-3.63%和-5.86%。
结论
中国儿童青少年的牛奶摄入量仍有待提高。研究发现高家庭SES会导致高BMI得分，牛奶摄入量起中介作用，而牛奶摄入是BMI得分的保护因素。需要进一步研究其他饮食或体育锻炼行为在家庭SES与儿童青少年BMI得分关系中的中介作用，以便采取更有针对性的干预措施。
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