Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
Nutrients. 2023 Oct 26;15(21):4538. doi: 10.3390/nu15214538.
(1) Background: Reports suggest COVID-19-associated olfactory dysfunction (OD) may result in alterations in dietary behaviors and perceived weight change, but few studies using psychophysical evaluation of post-COVID-19-associated chemosensory dysfunction and body mass index (BMI) exist. The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of both quantitative and qualitative features of COVID-19-associated OD on BMI; (2) Methods: Recruitment of thirty-one participants with self-reported OD in the form of quantitative loss with and without qualitative features. Surveys with questions specific to qualitative olfactory function, Sniffin' Sticks tests, and BMI measures were completed at two visits, one year apart. Group differences were assessed with Wilcoxon signed-rank tests and the Holm-Bonferroni method; (3) Results: Individuals with persistent quantitative OD ( = 15) and self-reported parosmia ( = 19) showed statistically significant increases in BMI after 1 year ( = 0.004, adjusted = 0.0125; = 0.011, adjusted = 0.0167). Controls with transient quantitative OD ( = 16) and participants without self-reported parosmia ( = 12) showed no statistically significant changes in BMI over the same time period ( = 0.079, adjusted = 0.05; = 0.028, adjusted = 0.025); (4) Conclusions: This study shows an association between COVID-19-associated OD and BMI, suggesting olfaction may play a role in altering dietary habits and nutrition in this population. Larger study cohorts are needed to further evaluate this relationship.
（1）背景：有报道称，COVID-19 相关的嗅觉功能障碍（OD）可能导致饮食行为的改变和感知体重的变化，但很少有研究使用 COVID-19 后相关的化学感觉功能障碍和体重指数（BMI）的心理物理评估来研究。本研究的目的是评估 COVID-19 相关 OD 的定量和定性特征对 BMI 的影响；（2）方法：招募了 31 名有自我报告的 OD 的参与者，表现为定量丧失和/或定性丧失。在两次随访中完成了特定于嗅觉功能定性的问卷调查、Sniffin' Sticks 测试和 BMI 测量，间隔一年。使用 Wilcoxon 符号秩检验和 Holm-Bonferroni 方法评估组间差异；（3）结果：15 名持续存在定量 OD 和 19 名自我报告的嗅觉异常的个体在 1 年后 BMI 有统计学显著增加（ = 0.004，调整后的 = 0.0125； = 0.011，调整后的 = 0.0167）。16 名存在短暂定量 OD 和 12 名无自我报告嗅觉异常的对照组在相同时间段内 BMI 无统计学显著变化（ = 0.079，调整后的 = 0.05； = 0.028，调整后的 = 0.025）；（4）结论：本研究表明 COVID-19 相关 OD 与 BMI 之间存在关联，表明嗅觉可能在改变该人群的饮食习惯和营养方面发挥作用。需要更大的研究队列来进一步评估这种关系。
