Gupta Aditya K, Gover Melissa D, Nouri Keyvan, Taylor Susan
Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook and Women's College Health Sciences Center (Sunnybrook site) and the University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
J Am Acad Dermatol. 2006 Dec;55(6):1048-65. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2006.02.009. Epub 2006 Sep 28.
Melasma is an irregular brown or grayish-brown facial hypermelanosis, often affecting women, especially those living in areas of intense UV radiation. The precise cause of melasma remains unknown; however, there are many possible contributing factors. Because of its dermal component and tendency to relapse, melasma is often difficult to treat. The use of broad-spectrum (UVA + UVB) sunscreen is important, as is topical hydroquinone, the most common treatment for melasma. Other lightening agents include retinoic acid (tretinoin) and azelaic acid. Combination therapies such as hydroquinone, tretinoin, and corticosteroids have been used in the treatment of melasma, and are thought to increase efficacy as compared with monotherapy. Kojic acid, isopropylcatechol, N-acetyl-4-cysteaminylphenol, and flavonoid extracts are other compounds that have been investigated for their ability to produce hypopigmentation, but their efficacy, safety, or trial design indicates that the interventions would need further study before they could be recommended. Chemical peels, laser treatments, and intense pulsed light therapy are additional therapeutic modalities that have been used to treat melasma.
黄褐斑是一种不规则的棕色或灰褐色面部色素沉着过度，常影响女性，尤其是生活在紫外线辐射强烈地区的女性。黄褐斑的确切病因尚不清楚；然而，有许多可能的促成因素。由于其真皮成分和复发倾向，黄褐斑往往难以治疗。使用广谱（UVA + UVB）防晒霜很重要，局部使用对苯二酚也是如此，这是治疗黄褐斑最常用的方法。其他美白剂包括维甲酸（维甲酸）和壬二酸。对苯二酚、维甲酸和皮质类固醇等联合疗法已用于治疗黄褐斑，并且与单一疗法相比，被认为能提高疗效。曲酸、异丙基邻苯二酚、N - 乙酰 - 4 - 半胱氨酰苯酚和类黄酮提取物是其他已研究其产生色素减退能力的化合物，但它们的疗效、安全性或试验设计表明，这些干预措施在被推荐之前还需要进一步研究。化学换肤、激光治疗和强脉冲光疗法是用于治疗黄褐斑的其他治疗方式。
