Pathak M A, Fitzpatrick T B, Kraus E W
J Am Acad Dermatol. 1986 Oct;15(4 Pt 2):894-9. doi: 10.1016/s0190-9622(86)70247-8.
Melasma is a circumscribed brown macular hypermelanosis of the areas of the face and neck that are exposed to light. Clinical trials with various depigmenting formulations containing hydroquinone were conducted to determine the ideal concentration of hydroquinone, retinoic acid, and corticosteroids for the treatment of melasma. The compounds were tested with and without the concomitant use of topical sunscreen preparations. Based on the results of the trials and our earlier clinical experience, we conclude that treatment of melasma should involve the following: avoidance of sun exposure, constant use of broad-spectrum sunscreens, and topical application of a cream or lotion containing 2% hydroquinone and 0.05% to 0.1% retinoic acid (tretinoin). Patients should suspend use of oral contraceptives and other agents that promote skin pigmentation. The monobenzyl ether of hydroquinone should never be used in melasma therapy.
黄褐斑是面部和颈部暴露于光线部位出现的局限性褐色斑状色素沉着过度。进行了各种含对苯二酚的色素脱失制剂的临床试验，以确定治疗黄褐斑的对苯二酚、维甲酸和皮质类固醇的理想浓度。这些化合物在使用和不使用外用防晒制剂的情况下进行了测试。根据试验结果和我们早期的临床经验，我们得出结论，黄褐斑的治疗应包括以下方面：避免阳光照射，持续使用广谱防晒霜，以及局部涂抹含2%对苯二酚和0.05%至0.1%维甲酸（维甲酸）的乳膏或洗剂。患者应暂停使用口服避孕药和其他促进皮肤色素沉着的药物。对苯二酚单苄醚绝不应在黄褐斑治疗中使用。
