Rojanapithayakorn Wiwat
World Health Organization China, Beijing, China.
Reprod Health Matters. 2006 Nov;14(28):41-52. doi: 10.1016/S0968-8080(06)28270-3.
One of the main reasons for the rapid spread of HIV in Asian countries is the massive transmission among sex workers and clients. Therefore, effective interventions to prevent HIV transmission through sex work are necessary. Many efforts have been made to promote condom use in sex work. The most significant approach is the 100% Condom Use Programme. Since its conception in 1989, this programme has been implemented in Thailand, Cambodia, Philippines, Viet Nam, China, Myanmar, Mongolia and Laos PDR, with variations in programme components between countries. The main principle is to promote the practice of "No condom - No sex" in all types of sex work, through collaboration between local authorities, sex business owners and sex workers. Variations include formation of sex workers' self-help groups, peer education and issuance of membership cards by local authorities. Sex workers are empowered when they are able to refuse sex without a condom. In Thailand, the programme has increased the use of condoms in sex work from 14% in early 1989 to over 90% since 1992. The 100% Condom Use Programmes in Thailand and Cambodia, which are being implemented on a nationwide basis, are the main reason for the decline in the HIV epidemic. Scaling-up of activities is taking place in all other six countries.
艾滋病病毒在亚洲国家迅速传播的主要原因之一是在性工作者及其客户中大量传播。因此，有必要采取有效的干预措施来预防性工作传播艾滋病病毒。为促进在性工作中使用避孕套已做出了许多努力。最重要的方法是“100%避孕套使用计划”。自1989年提出以来，该计划已在泰国、柬埔寨、菲律宾、越南、中国、缅甸、蒙古和老挝实施，各国在计划内容上有所不同。主要原则是通过地方当局、性产业业主和性工作者之间的合作，在所有类型的性工作中推广“不戴避孕套就不发生性行为”的做法。变化包括成立性工作者自助团体、同伴教育以及地方当局发放会员卡。当性工作者能够拒绝无避孕套性行为时，她们就获得了权力。在泰国，该计划已使性工作中避孕套的使用率从1989年初的14%提高到1992年以来的90%以上。在泰国和柬埔寨全国范围内实施的“100%避孕套使用计划”是艾滋病疫情下降的主要原因。其他六个国家也正在扩大相关活动。
