Cesar Juraci A, Mendoza-Sassi Raul, Horta Bernardo L, Ribeiro Paula R P, D'Avila Alan C, Santos Fernanda M, Martins Priscila B, Brandolt Ralph R
Departamento Materno-Infantil, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
J Pediatr (Rio J). 2006 Nov-Dec;82(6):437-44. doi: 10.2223/JPED.1550. Epub 2006 Nov 6.
To evaluate and compare basic indicators of the health of children under 5 years old in the urban area of Rio Grande, RS, Brazil, for 1995 and 2004.
Two cross-sectional population studies were carried out in the city. Interviewers were previously trained and applied standardized questionnaires during visits to families with children under 5 years old. The following variables were investigated: family income, maternal education, type of construction of home (wooden/masonry etc.), availability of toilet, running water, sewage system and domestic appliances. Data collected on the children themselves included number of antenatal consultations and age at first antenatal, type of delivery and medical care received during delivery, breastfeeding and dietary patterns, morbidity and health services utilization. Children were weighed and measured for height/length. Comparisons of frequencies between the two datasets were made using the chi-square test.
In 1995, 395 children were studied and in 2004 there were 384. During the intervening period improvements had taken place in type of construction, number of homes with flush toilet, the availability of running water and in breastfeeding pattern and duration. The frequency of diarrhea reduced, while rates of basic vaccination coverage, growth monitoring, patients in possession of their own medical cards and reporting of birth weights all increased. There was a deterioration in families' purchasing power and in the mean number of antenatal consultations. The prevalence of childhood obesity increased by 92%, while the incidence of malnutrition remained practically unchanged.
Comparing health indicators from the two periods revealed that, in addition to improvements in the majority of the indicators assessed, there had been a substantial increase in the prevalence of childhood obesity.
评估并比较1995年和2004年巴西南里奥格兰德州里奥格兰德市区5岁以下儿童的健康基本指标。
在该市开展了两项横断面人群研究。访员事先接受培训，并在走访有5岁以下儿童的家庭时使用标准化问卷。调查了以下变量：家庭收入、母亲教育程度、房屋建筑类型（木质/砖石等）、厕所、自来水、污水系统和家用电器的可获得性。收集的关于儿童自身的数据包括产前检查次数和首次产前检查时的年龄、分娩类型和分娩期间接受的医疗护理、母乳喂养和饮食模式、发病率以及卫生服务利用情况。对儿童进行了体重测量和身高/身长测量。使用卡方检验对两个数据集之间的频率进行比较。
1995年研究了395名儿童，2004年有384名。在此期间，房屋建筑类型、有冲水厕所的家庭数量、自来水的可获得性、母乳喂养模式和持续时间都有所改善。腹泻发生率降低，而基础疫苗接种覆盖率、生长监测、持有自己医疗卡的患者数量和出生体重报告率均有所提高。家庭购买力和产前检查平均次数有所下降。儿童肥胖患病率增加了92%，而营养不良发生率基本保持不变。
比较两个时期的健康指标发现，除了大多数评估指标有所改善外，儿童肥胖患病率大幅上升。
