Reynolds Brady
Department of Pediatrics, Columbus Children's Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.
Behav Pharmacol. 2006 Dec;17(8):651-67. doi: 10.1097/FBP.0b013e3280115f99.
Delay discounting represents the extent to which consequences, or outcomes, decrease in effectiveness to control behavior as a function of there being a delay to their occurrence. Higher rates of delay discounting are often operationalized as an index of impulsivity, and as such impulsive discounting may hold considerable potential for understanding fundamental behavioral processes associated with a range of problematic behaviors - including drug use and pathological gambling. This paper first provides a review of several assessment methods used in delay-discounting research with humans. Following, the delay-discounting literature related to drug use and gambling is reviewed. Consistencies across this literature are identified; and future research directions are discussed, which include (a) improving methods of assessment for delay discounting and (b) moving drug-use research progressively to causal interpretations, with high rates of delay discounting either predisposing to drug use or resulting from drug use itself.
延迟折扣反映了后果或结果在控制行为方面的有效性随其发生延迟而降低的程度。较高的延迟折扣率通常被用作冲动性的指标，因此冲动性折扣对于理解与一系列问题行为（包括药物使用和病态赌博）相关的基本行为过程可能具有相当大的潜力。本文首先综述了在人类延迟折扣研究中使用的几种评估方法。随后，回顾了与药物使用和赌博相关的延迟折扣文献。确定了该文献中的一致性；并讨论了未来的研究方向，其中包括（a）改进延迟折扣的评估方法，以及（b）将药物使用研究逐步转向因果解释，即高延迟折扣率要么是药物使用的诱因，要么是药物使用本身导致的。
