Verhaeghe Rik, Vlerick Peter, Gemmel Paul, Van Maele Georges, De Backer Guy
Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Department of Management Information, Operations Management and Technology Policy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
J Adv Nurs. 2006 Dec;56(6):646-56. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2006.04058.x.
This paper is a report of a study of how the occurrence and appraisal of recurrent changes in the work environment of hospital nurses affect psychological well-being (i.e. job satisfaction, eustress and distress) and absence through illness.
Many researchers have demonstrated the impact of major organizational changes on employees' psychological well-being, but only a few have focused on the permanent consequences in work conditions. In a contemporary healthcare setting, an increased number of recurrent operational changes has become a normal characteristic of nurses' work environment. Specific work situations have frequently been associated with occupational stress, whereas employees' appraisal of recurrent changes as stressors and their relation to psychological well-being and health outcomes (i.e. sickness absence) have been dismissed.
A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted in 2003 with 2094 Registered Nurses in 10 general hospitals. Logistic regressions were used to investigate the impact on psychological well-being and prospectively measured rates of sickness absence (frequency and duration).
The occurrence of changes in the work environment (in the past 6 months) had had a negative impact on staff psychological well-being. Nurses who had been confronted with changes scored statistically significantly higher for distress. Changes appraised as threatening were negatively related to job satisfaction and eustress, and positively related to distress and sickness absence (frequency and duration). Changes appraised as challenging were positively related to job satisfaction and eustress but had no impact on distress and sickness absence.
Future research should take into consideration the impact of the occurrence and appraisal of recurrent changes in the work environment of healthcare employees (i.e. Registered Nurses) on psychological well-being and sickness absence. This should also be considered by managers when dealing with these nursing workforce issues.
本文报告了一项关于医院护士工作环境反复变化的发生情况及评估如何影响心理健康（即工作满意度、积极应激和消极应激）以及因病缺勤的研究。
许多研究人员已经证明了重大组织变革对员工心理健康的影响，但只有少数研究关注工作条件的长期后果。在当代医疗环境中，越来越多的反复运营变化已成为护士工作环境的一个正常特征。特定的工作情况经常与职业压力相关，而员工将反复变化评估为压力源及其与心理健康和健康结果（即病假）的关系却被忽视了。
2003年对10家综合医院的2094名注册护士进行了横断面问卷调查。使用逻辑回归来研究对心理健康的影响以及前瞻性测量的病假率（频率和时长）。
工作环境变化的发生（在过去6个月内）对员工心理健康产生了负面影响。经历过变化的护士在消极应激方面的得分在统计学上显著更高。被评估为具有威胁性的变化与工作满意度和积极应激呈负相关，与消极应激和病假（频率和时长）呈正相关。被评估为具有挑战性的变化与工作满意度和积极应激呈正相关，但对消极应激和病假没有影响。
未来的研究应考虑医疗保健员工（即注册护士）工作环境反复变化的发生情况及评估对心理健康和病假的影响。管理者在处理这些护理人员问题时也应考虑这一点。
