Postgraduate School of Occupational Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy.
Department of Woman, Child & Public Health Sciences, Fondazione A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Oct 18;19(20):13458. doi: 10.3390/ijerph192013458.
The quality of work organization may be responsible not only for reduced productivity but also for an increased risk of mental and physical disorders. This study was aimed at testing this hypothesis. Workers of a local health unit in Italy were asked to fill out the Work Organization Assessment Questionnaire (WOAQ) during their periodic medical examinations in the second half of 2018. On the same occasion, they also completed the Demand/Control/Support (DCS) measure of job strain, the Effort/Reward Imbalance (ERI) questionnaire, and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ12) to assess psychological health. A total of 345 workers (85.8%) completed the survey. Linear regression analysis showed that the quality of work organization was inversely proportional to psychological health problems ( < 0.001). Occupational stress, measured both by job strain and ERI, was a moderating factor in this relationship. The relationship between the WOAQ and psychological health, moderated by job strain or ERI, remained highly significant even after adjustment for sex, age, social support, and overcommitment. Regression models explained over 40% of the shared variance of the association between quality of work organization and psychological health. The quality of work organization significantly predicted the risk of sickness absence for musculoskeletal disorders (OR = 0.984, CI95% 0.972-0.996) and for other health problems (OR = 0.977, CI95% 0.967-0.988). A continuous improvement of work organization must consider not only the clients' or production needs but also the well-being of workers.
工作组织的质量可能不仅负责降低生产力，而且还增加了精神和身体障碍的风险。本研究旨在检验这一假设。意大利当地卫生单位的工作人员在 2018 年下半年的定期体检中被要求填写工作组织评估问卷 (WOAQ)。在同一时间，他们还完成了工作压力/控制/支持 (DCS) 测量、努力/回报失衡 (ERI) 问卷和一般健康问卷 (GHQ12) 来评估心理健康。共有 345 名工作人员 (85.8%) 完成了调查。线性回归分析表明，工作组织质量与心理健康问题呈反比 ( < 0.001)。职业压力，通过工作压力和 ERI 测量，是这种关系的调节因素。即使在调整性别、年龄、社会支持和过度承诺后，WOAQ 与心理健康之间的关系，以及工作压力或 ERI 调节的关系仍然非常显著。回归模型解释了工作组织质量与心理健康之间关联的 40%以上的共同方差。工作组织质量显著预测肌肉骨骼紊乱的病假风险 (OR = 0.984，CI95% 0.972-0.996) 和其他健康问题的病假风险 (OR = 0.977，CI95% 0.967-0.988)。工作组织的持续改进不仅要考虑客户或生产需求，还要考虑工人的福祉。
