Larsson Susanna C, Giovannucci Edward, Wolk Alicja
Division of Nutritional Epidemiology, National Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Am J Epidemiol. 2007 Feb 1;165(3):256-61. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwk012. Epub 2006 Nov 21.
Diets with a high glycemic index and glycemic load have been hypothesized to be implicated in the etiology of colorectal cancer owing to their potential to increase postprandial glucose and insulin levels. Prospective data on glycemic index and glycemic load in relation to colorectal cancer risk are limited and inconsistent. Therefore, the authors prospectively investigated the associations of dietary carbohydrate, glycemic index, and glycemic load with the incidence of colorectal cancer among 61,433 Swedish women who were free of cancer in 1987-1990 and completed a 67-item food frequency questionnaire. During follow-up through June 2005, 870 incident cases of colorectal adenocarcinoma were diagnosed. Carbohydrate intake, glycemic index, and glycemic load were not associated with risk of colorectal cancer, colon cancer, or rectal cancer. The multivariate hazard ratios for colorectal cancer comparing the highest with the lowest quintile were 1.10 (95% confidence interval: 0.85, 1.44) for carbohydrate intake, 1.00 (95% confidence interval: 0.75, 1.33) for glycemic index, and 1.06 (95% confidence interval: 0.81, 1.39) for glycemic load. Results did not vary by body mass index. The findings from this prospective study do not support the hypothesis that a high carbohydrate intake, a high glycemic index, and a high glycemic load increase the risk of colorectal cancer.
高血糖指数和血糖负荷的饮食被假定与结直肠癌的病因有关，因为它们有可能提高餐后血糖和胰岛素水平。关于血糖指数和血糖负荷与结直肠癌风险关系的前瞻性数据有限且不一致。因此，作者对61433名瑞典女性进行了前瞻性研究，这些女性在1987 - 1990年期间没有患癌症，并完成了一份包含67项内容的食物频率问卷，以调查膳食碳水化合物、血糖指数和血糖负荷与结直肠癌发病率之间的关联。在随访至2005年6月期间，共诊断出870例结直肠腺癌新发病例。碳水化合物摄入量、血糖指数和血糖负荷与结直肠癌、结肠癌或直肠癌的风险均无关联。将最高五分位数与最低五分位数相比，结直肠癌的多变量风险比在碳水化合物摄入量方面为1.10（95%置信区间：0.85，1.44），血糖指数方面为1.00（95%置信区间：0.75，1.33），血糖负荷方面为1.06（95%置信区间：0.81，1.39）。结果不受体重指数的影响。这项前瞻性研究的结果不支持高碳水化合物摄入量、高血糖指数和高血糖负荷会增加结直肠癌风险这一假设。
