Brandenburg J P
Department of Kinesiology of Physical Education, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA.
J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2006 Dec;46(4):526-34.
There is an emerging body of knowledge indicating static stretching (SS) acutely and adversely affects muscle performance. The practical value of this research is limited considering the lengthy stretch durations under investigation. It is unclear if stretch durations typical of those used pre-exercise similarly affect muscle performance. The purpose of this study was to determine if SS using more representative stretch durations affects muscle performance and to establish if changes in muscle performance were influenced by the duration of stretch.
Following 2 familiarization sessions, 16 recreationally trained males and females participated in 2 randomly ordered experimental sessions. In each session maximal effort hamstring performance was assessed prior to and immediately after 1 of 2 stretching protocols. During one of the protocols participants were required to hold each stretch for 15 s while stretch duration in the second protocol was 30 s. Both protocols consisted of 3 repetitions of 2 stretching exercises. A Kincom isokinetic dynamometer was used to assess hamstring performance during isometric, concentric, and eccentric actions.
For each of the three muscle actions a repeated measures ANOVA revealed a significant main effect of time (pre- vs poststretch, P<0.05) but no interaction effect (time x SS protocol). Furthermore, the stretch-induced deficits in muscle performance were consistent across muscle action type.
SS incorporating stretch durations typical of those employed pre-exercise were sufficient to impair muscle performance and the duration of stretch did not influence the degree of force loss. Inclusion of SS, even with short stretch durations, in preparation for strength activities is not appropriate.
越来越多的知识表明，静态拉伸（SS）会对肌肉性能产生急性且不利的影响。鉴于所研究的拉伸持续时间较长，这项研究的实际价值有限。目前尚不清楚运动前使用的典型拉伸持续时间是否同样会影响肌肉性能。本研究的目的是确定采用更具代表性的拉伸持续时间的静态拉伸是否会影响肌肉性能，并确定肌肉性能的变化是否受拉伸持续时间的影响。
在进行了2次熟悉训练后，16名接受过休闲训练的男性和女性参加了2次随机排序的实验。在每次实验中，在两种拉伸方案中的一种之前和之后立即评估腘绳肌的最大用力表现。在其中一种方案中，参与者需要将每次拉伸保持15秒，而在第二种方案中拉伸持续时间为30秒。两种方案均包括2种拉伸练习，每种练习重复3次。使用Kincom等速测力计评估等长、向心和离心动作期间的腘绳肌表现。
对于三种肌肉动作中的每一种，重复测量方差分析显示时间有显著的主效应（拉伸前与拉伸后，P<0.05），但没有交互效应（时间×静态拉伸方案）。此外，拉伸引起的肌肉性能缺陷在不同肌肉动作类型中是一致的。
采用运动前典型拉伸持续时间的静态拉伸足以损害肌肉性能，且拉伸持续时间不会影响力量损失的程度。在准备力量活动时加入静态拉伸，即使拉伸持续时间较短，也是不合适的。
