Huang Shi, Zhang Hong-Jia, Wang Xin, Lee Winson Chiu-Chun, Lam Wing-Kai
Sports Training Department, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang 110102, China.
College of Human Kinesiology, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang 110102, China.
Biology (Basel). 2022 Feb 26;11(3):374. doi: 10.3390/biology11030374.
Most dynamic stretching protocols include the gastrocnemius muscle, but soleus stretches are often neglected, which is the key powerful muscle for the push-off (concentric) of all speed movements. The purpose of this study was to examine whether the added soleus stretch in a regular stretching protocol would have greater benefits for ankle flexibility, dynamic balance and functional performance. Fourteen healthy male soccer players received each of the stretching conditions (regular stretching only (Regular), regular stretching with soleus stretching (Soleus) and no stretching (Control)) randomly on different training days, with two-day separation. The ankle flexibility, standing heel-lift balance and speed performances were assessed following each stretching intervention. The active dynamic stretches were performed for 30 s with three repetitions on each of the three (Regular) and four (Soleus) muscles. One-way ANOVA with repeated measures (or the Friedman non-parametric test) was performed to determine any significant effect with alpha = 0.05. Our findings revealed that both the Regular and Soleus stretching groups showed an increased active range of ankle motion compared to the no-stretching control (Ps < 0.05). In the heel raise balance test, both stretching groups experienced a significant increase in maximum plantarflexion strength as well as resultant anterior−posterior and medial−lateral CoP excursions compared to the no-stretching control (Ps < 0.05). In the sprinting tasks, both the Soleus and Regular stretching groups induced faster linear and curved running times (Ps < 0.05). When comparing the two stretching groups, Soleus stretching led to better ankle flexibility, maximum plantarflexion strength and curved running time (Ps < 0.05). Thus, added stretches on the soleus muscles can provide further benefits to speed performances in soccer.
大多数动态拉伸方案都包括腓肠肌，但比目鱼肌的拉伸往往被忽视，而比目鱼肌是所有快速动作蹬地（向心收缩）的关键强力肌肉。本研究的目的是检验在常规拉伸方案中增加比目鱼肌拉伸是否对踝关节灵活性、动态平衡和功能表现有更大益处。14名健康男性足球运动员在不同训练日随机接受每种拉伸条件（仅常规拉伸（常规组）、常规拉伸加比目鱼肌拉伸（比目鱼肌组）和不拉伸（对照组）），间隔两天。在每次拉伸干预后评估踝关节灵活性、站立提踵平衡和速度表现。对三块（常规组）和四块（比目鱼肌组）肌肉进行主动动态拉伸，每次30秒，重复三次。采用重复测量的单因素方差分析（或弗里德曼非参数检验）来确定在α = 0.05时是否有显著影响。我们的研究结果显示，与不拉伸的对照组相比，常规组和比目鱼肌拉伸组的踝关节主动活动范围均增加（P值<0.05）。在提踵平衡测试中，与不拉伸的对照组相比，两个拉伸组的最大跖屈力量以及前后和内外侧压力中心偏移量均显著增加（P值<0.05）。在短跑任务中，比目鱼肌组和常规组的直线和弯道跑步时间都更快（P值<0.05）。比较两个拉伸组时，比目鱼肌拉伸导致更好的踝关节灵活性、最大跖屈力量和弯道跑步时间（P值<0.05）。因此，对比目鱼肌增加拉伸可以为足球运动中的速度表现带来更多益处。
