Sandanayaka W R M, Bus V G M
The Horticulture and Food Research Institute of New Zealand Ltd.
J Insect Sci. 2005 Nov 3;5:27. doi: 10.1093/jis/5.1.27.
Reproduction of the woolly apple aphid, Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausmann), can take place parthenogenetically or sexually when both host plants, apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) and elm (Ulmus americana L.) are available. Since elm is not commonly grown in New Zealand, E. lanigerum, a major pest of apple, is thought to reproduce only parthenogenetically here. During our studies between 1999 and 2003, different morphs of E. lanigerum have been observed on apple trees, which were studied in more detail in 2003 and 2004. In the laboratory, alates reproduced mainly sexual morphs with degenerated mouthparts. Oviparous females lived for 8.95 +/- 0.17 days (n = 20) and males lived for 7.1 +/- 0.12 days (n = 20). Both went through 4 moults, without feeding or changing body size. Oviparous female laid a single egg and died soon after oviposition. In addition to sexual morphs, shiny brown, oblong eggs were seen on apple leaves grown outside as well as in the glasshouse. As the numbers of eggs and sexual morphs on trees grown outside were less than on those grown in the glasshouse, we suggest that alates disperse into the natural environment searching for an apple or elm tree to continue the sexual reproduction while spreading the population.
绵蚜，即苹果绵蚜（Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausmann)），在苹果（Malus domestica Borkh.）和榆树（Ulmus americana L.）这两种寄主植物都存在时，既可以孤雌生殖，也可以有性生殖。由于榆树在新西兰并不常见，苹果的主要害虫苹果绵蚜在新西兰被认为仅进行孤雌生殖。在我们1999年至2003年的研究期间，在苹果树上观察到了苹果绵蚜的不同形态，并在2003年和2004年对其进行了更详细的研究。在实验室中，有翅蚜主要产生口器退化的有性形态。产卵雌蚜存活8.95±0.17天（n = 20），雄蚜存活7.1±0.12天（n = 20）。两者都经历4次蜕皮，不进食且身体大小不变。产卵雌蚜产下一枚卵并在产卵后不久死亡。除了有性形态外，在室外和温室种植的苹果叶上都发现了 shiny brown、椭圆形的卵。由于室外树上的卵和有性形态的数量比温室中的少，我们认为有翅蚜扩散到自然环境中，寻找苹果树或榆树以继续有性生殖，同时传播种群。 （注：“shiny brown”这里原文可能有误，推测可能是“shiny brownish”之类表述，暂按原文翻译）
