Martens Kara R, De Caigny Pascaline, Parvez Kashif, Amarell Martin, Wong Carolyn, Lukowiak Ken
Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary AB, Canada T2P 1N3.
Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2007 Mar;87(3):391-403. doi: 10.1016/j.nlm.2006.10.005. Epub 2006 Nov 28.
Stress has been shown to be a strong modulator of learning and memory in animals. We employ operant training of aerial respiratory behaviour in our model system, the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis, to show that application of an acute consistent physical stressor enhances memory formation. A single 30 min operant conditioning training session, which normally results in intermediate-term memory (ITM) persisting 3h, results in long-term memory (LTM) persisting 24h if immediately preceded or followed by a stressor, for example a 30s exposure to 25 mM KCl. Other physical stressors (0.3% quinine-HCl or quick cooling and warming) similarly enhance memory formation. The memory is context specific and is not seen after the application of too much or too little stress. The memory can be extinguished by exposing snails to the hypoxic training environment and withholding reinforcing stimuli. The LTM that results from 30 min of training and stressor exposure is dependent on de novo protein synthesis and gene transcription in a single neuron, RPeD1. Because the soma of RPeD1 must be present for memory augmentation by the application of a stressor we are well placed for future investigations to directly determine the specific molecular alterations by which stress primes the formation of LTM.
压力已被证明是动物学习和记忆的强大调节因素。在我们的模型系统——池塘蜗牛椎实螺中，我们采用空中呼吸行为的操作性训练来表明，施加急性一致的物理应激源可增强记忆形成。通常会产生持续3小时的中期记忆（ITM）的单次30分钟操作性条件训练，如果在其之前或之后立即施加应激源，例如30秒暴露于25 mM KCl中，就会产生持续24小时的长期记忆（LTM）。其他物理应激源（0.3% 盐酸奎宁或快速冷却和加热）同样会增强记忆形成。这种记忆是特定于情境的，在施加过多或过少压力后不会出现。通过将蜗牛暴露于缺氧训练环境并停止强化刺激，可以消除这种记忆。由30分钟训练和应激源暴露产生的LTM依赖于单个神经元RPeD1中的从头蛋白质合成和基因转录。由于RPeD1的胞体必须存在才能通过施加应激源增强记忆，我们非常适合未来的研究，以直接确定应激引发LTM形成的具体分子变化。
