Träuble Birgit, Pauen Sabina
Department of Psychology, University of Heidelberg, Haupstrasse 47-51, D-69117, Heidelberg, Germany.
Cognition. 2007 Nov;105(2):362-79. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2006.10.003.
This report examines whether knowledge about function influences the formation of artifact categories in 11-12- month old infants. Using an object-examination task, a set of artificial stimuli was presented that could either be grouped according to overall similarity or according to similarity in one functionally relevant part. Experiment 1 revealed that infants categorized the objects according to overall similarity but not part similarity under control conditions. Experiment 2 showed that after having seen the experimenter demonstrating the functional use of the critical part, infants later categorized the stimuli according to part similarity. When the same actions were performed without producing any effect, infants failed to categorize according to the critical part. This set of findings suggests that 11-12-month old infants use functional information as a cue to categorization.
本报告探讨了功能知识是否会影响11至12个月大婴儿的人工制品类别形成。通过一项物体检查任务，呈现了一组人工刺激物，这些刺激物既可以根据整体相似性进行分组，也可以根据一个功能相关部分的相似性进行分组。实验1表明，在控制条件下，婴儿根据整体相似性对物体进行分类，而不是根据部分相似性。实验2表明，在看到实验者演示关键部分的功能用途后，婴儿随后根据部分相似性对刺激物进行分类。当执行相同的动作但没有产生任何效果时，婴儿无法根据关键部分进行分类。这一系列研究结果表明，11至12个月大的婴儿将功能信息用作分类线索。
