Ströhle Alexander, Waldmann Annika, Wolters Maike, Hahn Andreas
Abteilung Ernährungsphysiologie und Humanernährung, Institut für Lebensmittelwissenschaft, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2006 Oct;118(19-20):580-93. doi: 10.1007/s00508-006-0706-y.
Today vegetarian nutrition is more accepted and widespread in Europe than in former years. For a long time scientific research on vegetarian diets has focused mostly on malnutrition, whereas nowadays research centers increasingly on the preventive potential of plant-based diets. We followed a nutritive and a metabolic-epidemiological approach to obtain dietary recommendations. A MEDLINE research was performed for all plant food groups relevant for a vegetarian diet (key words: all relevant food groups, "vegetarian diet", "chronic disease", "cancer", "cardiovascular disease", "diabetes mellitus", "osteoporosis"). All relevant food groups were characterized regarding their nutrient content and rated with respect to the available metabolic-epidemiological evidence. Based on the evidence criteria of the WHO/FAO, cancer risk reduction by a high intake of vegetables and fruits is assessed as probable or possible, while a lowered risk of cardiovascular disease is convincing and a lowered risk of osteoporosis is probable. The evidence of a risk reducing effect of whole grain relating to colorectal cancer is assessed as possible, whereas it is probable relating to cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus type 2. There is an insufficient risk-reducing effect of legumes like soja relating to epithelial tumours and cardiovascular disease. The evidence of a risk-reducing effect of nuts to cardiovascular disease is assessed as probable, and in relation to cholelithiasis and diabetes mellitus type 2 as possible and insufficient, respectively. In conclusion, high consumption of fruits, vegetables, whole grains and nuts can lower the risk for several chronic diseases.
如今，素食营养在欧洲比过去几年更被接受且更为普遍。长期以来，关于素食饮食的科学研究主要集中在营养不良方面，而如今研究越来越关注植物性饮食的预防潜力。我们采用了营养和代谢流行病学方法来获取饮食建议。针对与素食饮食相关的所有植物性食物组进行了医学文献数据库（MEDLINE）检索（关键词：所有相关食物组、“素食饮食”、“慢性病”、“癌症”、“心血管疾病”、“糖尿病”、“骨质疏松症”）。对所有相关食物组的营养成分进行了描述，并根据现有的代谢流行病学证据进行了评级。根据世界卫生组织/联合国粮食及农业组织的证据标准，大量摄入蔬菜和水果降低癌症风险被评估为可能或有可能，而降低心血管疾病风险是令人信服的，降低骨质疏松症风险是有可能的。全谷物对降低结直肠癌风险的证据被评估为有可能，而对心血管疾病和2型糖尿病则有可能。豆类（如大豆）对上皮肿瘤和心血管疾病的风险降低作用不足。坚果对心血管疾病的风险降低作用证据被评估为有可能，对胆石症和2型糖尿病的作用分别被评估为可能和不足。总之，大量食用水果、蔬菜、全谷物和坚果可以降低多种慢性病的风险。
