Hsu Vivian C, Rovee-Collier Carolyn
Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, 152 Frelinghuysen Rd., Piscataway, NJ 08854-8020, USA.
Infant Behav Dev. 2006 Jan;29(1):91-107. doi: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2005.08.006. Epub 2005 Nov 2.
Memory reactivation has not been systematically studied with infants older than 1 year. Currently, three experiments examined the effects of a reactivation treatment (priming) on retention throughout the second postnatal year. Fifteen- and 18-month-olds learned an operant train task, forgot it, received a 2-min or 10-s prime, and later were tested for retention. Although the longer prime was effective for 15-month-olds, 18-month-olds required the shorter prime (Experiment 1). The memory was reactivated after delays two (18 months) and three (15 months) times longer than infants originally remembered it (Experiment 2). The reactivated memory was forgotten as fast as the original memory after the 2-min prime and twice as fast after the 10-s prime (Experiment 3). The fact that reactivation changes quantitatively but not qualitatively throughout infancy suggests that the same mechanism mediates it at all ages. These findings have major implications for the impact of early experience on cognitive development.
对于1岁以上的婴儿，记忆再激活尚未得到系统研究。目前，有三项实验考察了再激活处理（启动）对整个出生后第二年记忆保持的影响。15个月和18个月大的婴儿学习了一项操作性训练任务，之后遗忘了该任务，接受了2分钟或10秒的启动，随后接受记忆保持测试。虽然较长时间的启动对15个月大的婴儿有效，但18个月大的婴儿需要较短时间的启动（实验1）。记忆在比婴儿最初记忆时长两倍（18个月）和三倍（15个月）的延迟后被再激活（实验2）。在2分钟启动后，再激活的记忆遗忘速度与原始记忆一样快，在10秒启动后，遗忘速度是原始记忆的两倍（实验3）。在婴儿期，再激活在数量上而非质量上发生变化，这一事实表明相同的机制在所有年龄段都介导着它。这些发现对早期经验对认知发展的影响具有重大意义。
