Shah Bupendra, Chewning Betty
Division School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
Res Social Adm Pharm. 2006 Jun;2(2):153-85. doi: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2006.05.001.
Pharmacist-patient communication in community pharmacies has been studied for over 25 years with little effort to evaluate this research comprehensively.
The main objective of this review is to examine and summarize how researchers have conceptualized, defined, and measured pharmacist-patient communication across studies and identify gaps in the literature.
Articles were compiled from a search of (1) Medline, IPA, CINAHL, and PubMed databases using the keywords, "counseling", "patient communication", "patient counseling", "patient education", "patient consult( *)", and/or "pharmacists", (2) bibliographies of selected articles. The search generated 56 studies on community pharmacy, of which 39 studies met the inclusion criteria.
Most studies (72%) have used the term patient counseling, although pharmacist-patient communication and patient education were also used. The definition of patient counseling varies across studies. Almost half of the studies (49%) conceptualized pharmacist-patient communication solely as a pharmacist information provision activity. A total of 16 studies (41%) also focused on pharmacists' interpersonal behavior in addition to the information provision activity of the pharmacist. In contrast, patient communication behavior and the exchange process between both parties has been understudied. A total of 16 studies (41%) used a retrospective design. All studies used a cross-sectional design, with varying modes of data collection such as mail surveys, telephone interviews, nonparticipant observation, and shopper studies. Taped encounters are rare. SUMMARY/IMPLICATIONS: This review revealed that most studies have focused on a one way communication of pharmacists to patients. A need for examining the patient-pharmacist dyad is apparent. Future research could explore a greater use of taped encounters to analyze the interactive communication process, affective components of communication such as collaborative problem solving, interpersonal relationship development, and the expertise that patients bring into the encounter.
社区药房中药剂师与患者之间的沟通已被研究了25年多，但几乎没有对该研究进行全面评估。
本综述的主要目的是审视和总结研究人员在各项研究中如何对药剂师与患者之间的沟通进行概念化、定义和测量，并找出文献中的空白。
通过搜索（1）使用关键词“咨询”“患者沟通”“患者咨询”“患者教育”“患者咨询（*）”和/或“药剂师”在Medline、IPA、CINAHL和PubMed数据库中进行检索，（2）所选文章的参考文献。检索共产生了56项关于社区药房的研究，其中39项研究符合纳入标准。
大多数研究（72%）使用了患者咨询这一术语，不过也有使用药剂师与患者沟通和患者教育的。患者咨询的定义在各项研究中各不相同。几乎一半的研究（49%）仅将药剂师与患者之间的沟通概念化为药剂师提供信息的活动。共有16项研究（41%）除了药剂师的信息提供活动外，还关注药剂师的人际行为。相比之下，患者的沟通行为以及双方之间的交流过程研究较少。共有16项研究（41%）采用回顾性设计。所有研究均采用横断面设计，数据收集方式各不相同，如邮寄调查、电话访谈、非参与观察和购物者研究。录音交流很少见。总结/启示：本综述表明，大多数研究都集中在药剂师对患者的单向沟通上。显然需要研究药剂师与患者的二元组。未来的研究可以探索更多地使用录音交流来分析互动沟通过程、沟通的情感成分，如协作解决问题、人际关系发展以及患者在交流中所具备的专业知识。
