Mann David A, Popper Arthur N, Wilson Ben
College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, Petersburg, FL 33701, USA.
Biol Lett. 2005 Jun 22;1(2):158-61. doi: 10.1098/rsbl.2004.0241.
Recent studies have shown that some clupeid fishes, including shad and menhaden, can detect ultrasound (sound with frequencies higher than 20 kHz) and actively avoid it. However, other clupeids, including sardines and anchovies, do not detect ultrasound. The hearing abilities of herring are of particular interest because of their commercial importance, our reliance on acoustics to monitor their populations and behavioural evidence of responses to high-frequency sound by some clupeid species. We measured the hearing sensitivity of Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii) using the auditory brainstem response and found that they were unable to detect ultrasonic signals at received levels up to 185 dB re 1 microPa. Herring had hearing thresholds at lower frequencies (100-5000 Hz) that were typical of other non-ultrasound-detecting clupeids. This lower-frequency hearing sensitivity could explain the results of several earlier studies showing responses to broadband sounds.
最近的研究表明，一些鲱科鱼类，包括西鲱和鲱鱼，能够探测到超声波（频率高于20千赫的声音）并主动避开。然而，其他鲱科鱼类，包括沙丁鱼和凤尾鱼，则无法探测到超声波。由于鲱鱼具有商业重要性、我们依靠声学手段来监测其种群数量以及一些鲱科物种对高频声音做出反应的行为证据，鲱鱼的听觉能力尤其令人关注。我们使用听觉脑干反应测量了太平洋鲱（太平洋鲱）的听觉敏感度，发现它们在高达185分贝声压级（相对于1微帕）的接收水平下无法探测到超声波信号。鲱鱼在较低频率（100 - 5000赫兹）下的听觉阈值与其他无法探测超声波的鲱科鱼类典型阈值相同。这种较低频率的听觉敏感度可以解释早期几项显示对宽带声音有反应的研究结果。
