Caron-Leulliez Marianne
Maître de conference honoraire A l'université de Montpellier III, France.
Can Bull Med Hist. 2006;23(1):69-88. doi: 10.3138/cbmh.23.1.69.
Dr. Lamaze introduced Natural Childbirth (ASD) in France in 1951. While this event is significant to the history of obstetrics and women's experience, we would like to concentrate upon another aspect here: how it is situated within the political debates of the period. In the midst of the Cold War, Lamaze was a sympathizer, although not a member of the Communist Party (PCF). He ran a maternity clinic for the CGT, a union affiliated with the PCE During a trip to Russia in 1951, he discovered a new method to relieve pain in labour through a psychological technique inspired by Pavlov. Upon his return, when he dedicated his energies towards the popularization of ASD, he looked for support from the PCF and to draw upon their propaganda network; this subsequently aroused suspicion and hostility. A few years later, ASD received the blessing of women's groups won over by its improvements to birthing. At the moment of Lamaze's triumph, he fell victim to a resurgence of Stalinism. With his team, he denounced the Soviet invasion of Hungary and lost the financial support of the unions which owned the clinic. Exhausted and profoundly disappointed, he died in March 1957.
拉马兹医生于1951年在法国引入了自然分娩法（ASD）。虽然这一事件对产科学历史和女性体验具有重要意义，但我们在此想关注另一个方面：它在当时的政治辩论中处于何种境地。在冷战期间，拉马兹是一名同情者，尽管不是共产党（PCF）成员。他为法国总工会（CGT，一个与法国共产党有联系的工会）开办了一家妇产诊所。1951年他去俄罗斯旅行时，发现了一种受巴甫洛夫启发的心理技术来缓解分娩疼痛。回国后，当他致力于推广自然分娩法时，他寻求法国共产党的支持并利用他们的宣传网络；这随后引起了怀疑和敌意。几年后，自然分娩法因其对分娩的改进赢得了女性团体的认可。在拉马兹取得成功之时，他却成为斯大林主义复苏的受害者。他和他的团队谴责了苏联对匈牙利的入侵，失去了拥有诊所的工会的财政支持。疲惫不堪且深感失望的他于1957年3月去世。
