Joordens Steve, Betancourt Itanni, Spalek Thomas M
Department of Life Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Percept Psychophys. 2006 Aug;68(6):890-6. doi: 10.3758/bf03193352.
Using a novel referent size-selection task, MacDonald, Joordens, and Seergobin (1999; MacDonald & Joordens, 2000) found that negative priming persisted even when participants were encouraged to attend to distractors before selectively responding to targets. This finding suggested that negative priming is not caused by processes that operate on stimuli that are to be ignored in the traditional selective attention sense. Mackintosh, Mathews, and Holden's (2002) attempt to replicate the MacDonald et al. study resulted in the discovery of possible artifacts in the referent size-selection task, thereby making the implications with respect to the role of attention less clear. In the present study, we describe a different method for directing attention to distractors in a negative priming context, one that does not suffer from the same potential artifacts as the referent size-selection task. Our results are consistent with those found by MacDonald et al., in that negative priming persisted even when participants were explicitly encouraged to attend to distractors. Implications are discussed in the context of the related concepts of selective attention (e.g., Broadbent, 1965) versus selection for action (e.g., Allport, 1987).
通过使用一种新颖的参照尺寸选择任务，麦克唐纳、乔登斯和塞尔戈宾（1999年；麦克唐纳和乔登斯，2000年）发现，即使在鼓励参与者在选择性地对目标做出反应之前关注干扰物时，负启动效应仍然存在。这一发现表明，负启动效应并非由在传统选择性注意意义上对要被忽略的刺激起作用的过程所导致。麦金托什、马修斯和霍尔登（2002年）试图重复麦克唐纳等人的研究，结果在参照尺寸选择任务中发现了可能的人为因素，从而使得关于注意作用的影响变得不那么清晰。在本研究中，我们描述了一种在负启动情境中引导对干扰物的注意的不同方法，这种方法不存在与参照尺寸选择任务相同的潜在人为因素。我们的结果与麦克唐纳等人的发现一致，即即使明确鼓励参与者关注干扰物，负启动效应仍然存在。我们将在选择性注意（如布罗德本特，1965年）与行动选择（如奥尔波特，1987年）等相关概念的背景下讨论这些影响。
