Frings Christian
Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.
Psychon Bull Rev. 2006 Apr;13(2):322-7. doi: 10.3758/bf03193851.
Highly relevant stimuli (such as one's own name) can capture attention in situations in which one can only partially attend to the environment (e.g., the classic "cocktail party" phenomenon, introduced by Moray, 1959). The present study extends previous findings on selection tasks demonstrating these intrusions of relevant stimuli. Not only can highly relevant stimuli be detected more easily, but attempts to deliberately ignore them will also be hampered, so subsequent reactions to such stimuli will not be slowed. In the experiment, participants (N = 32) ignored the first names of other participants without problems, and they showed slowed reactions to such names that they had ignored shortly before (negative priming task). In contrast, no slowing was observed for participants' own names when those names had just previously been used as distractors.
高度相关的刺激（如自己的名字）在个体只能部分关注环境的情况下能够吸引注意力（例如，1959年莫雷提出的经典“鸡尾酒会”现象）。本研究扩展了先前关于选择任务的研究结果，这些结果证明了相关刺激的此类干扰。不仅高度相关的刺激更容易被检测到，而且试图刻意忽略它们也会受到阻碍，因此随后对这类刺激的反应不会变慢。在实验中，参与者（N = 32）毫无问题地忽略了其他参与者的名字，并且他们对之前不久忽略的此类名字表现出反应变慢（负启动任务）。相比之下，当参与者自己的名字之前刚被用作干扰项时，未观察到反应变慢的情况。
