Lindquist Mats O, Hall Andrew R, Björnstig Ulf L
Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Division of Surgery, Umeå University, Saab Automobile, Enginuity Services International, Trollhättan, Sweden.
J Trauma. 2006 Dec;61(6):1506-16. doi: 10.1097/01.ta.0000210496.52412.02.
More than half of car crash fatalities are belted occupants, and the majority of these occur as a consequence of frontal crashes. In an earlier study of crash configuration characteristics, we have shown that 48% of fatalities occurred in frontal small overlap (SO) crashes in which less than 30% of the vehicle front was engaged. Only 23% of fatalities occurred in large overlap (LO) crashes engaging the drive train, similar to most barrier front crash testing procedures. The main purpose of this study was to analyze the characteristics of injury mechanisms and injuries in fatal SO and LO car crashes in Sweden.
Retrospective examination and analysis of 61 fatally injured occupants from 53 car crashes within a sample area covering 40% of the population of Sweden was conducted.
A clear difference in injury mechanisms and injuries was found between SO and LO crashes. The major injury mechanisms in SO crashes are explained by an oblique torso movement and rotation toward the outboard side, which causes a high proportion of serious lateral chest and head injuries. In contrast, LO crashes were generally characterized by serious anterior chest injuries in elderly occupants (> or =60 years).
Current government and consumer barrier crash test procedures are not designed to estimate the performance of cars and restraint systems for the type of crashes which caused the majority of occupant fatalities in this data set.
超过半数的车祸死亡者是系了安全带的驾乘人员，其中大部分是正面碰撞导致的。在一项早期关于碰撞形态特征的研究中，我们发现48%的死亡事故发生在正面小重叠（SO）碰撞中，即车辆前部参与碰撞的比例不到30%。只有23%的死亡事故发生在涉及传动系统的大重叠（LO）碰撞中，这类似于大多数碰撞测试程序。本研究的主要目的是分析瑞典致命的SO和LO汽车碰撞中损伤机制和损伤的特征。
对瑞典40%人口覆盖区域内53起车祸中61名受致命伤的驾乘人员进行回顾性检查和分析。
在SO和LO碰撞之间发现了损伤机制和损伤方面的明显差异。SO碰撞中的主要损伤机制是躯干向外侧倾斜和旋转，这导致了高比例的严重侧胸部和头部损伤。相比之下，LO碰撞的特点通常是老年驾乘人员（≥60岁）出现严重的前胸损伤。
当前政府和消费者的碰撞测试程序并非旨在评估汽车和约束系统在导致本数据集中大多数驾乘人员死亡的碰撞类型中的性能。
