Kompier Michiel A J
Radboud University Nijmegen, Department of Work and Organizational Psychology, PO Box 9104, NL-6500 HE Nijmegen, Netherlands.
Scand J Work Environ Health. 2006 Dec;32(6):421-30. doi: 10.5271/sjweh.1048.
This paper aims at identifying major changes in and around work organizations, their effects upon job characteristics and the health and well-being of today's employees, and related research challenges. Increased internationalization and competition, increased utilization of information and communication technology, the changing workforce configuration, and flexibility and new organizational practices are considered. As work has changed from physical to mental in nature, job characteristics have changed significantly. Meanwhile work and family life have blended. New systems of work organization have become more prevalent, but they do not represent a radical change across the whole economy. New practices may have an adverse impact upon job characteristics, but their effects depend on their design, implementation, and management. Research recommendations include improved monitoring of changes in work organization and studies into their health and safety consequences, intervention studies, studies into the motivating potential of modern work practices, studies of marginalized workers and workers in less developed countries, and "mechanism studies".
本文旨在识别工作组织内部及周边的主要变化、这些变化对工作特征以及当今员工健康与福祉的影响，以及相关的研究挑战。文中考虑了日益增加的国际化和竞争、信息与通信技术使用的增加、不断变化的劳动力结构，以及灵活性和新的组织实践。随着工作性质从体力劳动转变为脑力劳动，工作特征发生了显著变化。与此同时，工作与家庭生活相互交融。新的工作组织系统变得更加普遍，但它们并非代表整个经济领域的根本性变革。新实践可能会对工作特征产生不利影响，但其效果取决于其设计、实施和管理。研究建议包括加强对工作组织变化的监测以及对其健康与安全后果的研究、干预研究、对现代工作实践激励潜力的研究、对边缘化工人和欠发达国家工人的研究，以及“机制研究”。
