Brunsdon Ruth, Nickels Lyndsey, Coltheart Max
Rehabilitation Department, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia.
Neuropsychol Rehabil. 2007 Jan;17(1):34-52. doi: 10.1080/09602010500505021.
Topographical disorientation, the inability to find one's way in large-scale environments, is a relatively common disorder. However, there are relatively few cognitive neuropsychological studies that investigate the nature of topographical cognition. Theoretical progress has been hindered by a number of factors including: terminological confusion; lack of theoretically driven assessment; the use of broad classifications for the nature of underlying impairments; and an ongoing failure to examine topographical skills in real-life settings. As a result, there is currently no well-established or widely accepted theoretical framework encompassing all aspects of this multifaceted area of cognition. In addition, there is a relative paucity of published case studies that include a comprehensive, theoretically based assessment of topographical disorientation, and treatment of the disorder has received virtually no formal investigation (with the exception of Davis & Coltheart, 1999). Thus, the current paper focuses on the development of a broad framework for understanding topographical cognition that integrates a number of recent theories of topographical orientation and mental imagery (Farah, 1984; Kosslyn, 1980; Riddoch & Humphreys, 1989). The aim of the paper is to present a preliminary framework that can be used as a basis for further refinement and development of theoretical proposals, and be employed by clinicians as a starting point for assessment planning.
地形定向障碍，即在大规模环境中找不到方向的能力缺失，是一种相对常见的病症。然而，研究地形认知本质的认知神经心理学研究相对较少。理论进展受到多种因素的阻碍，包括：术语混淆；缺乏理论驱动的评估；对潜在损伤本质使用宽泛分类；以及持续未能在现实生活场景中考察地形技能。因此，目前尚无一个完善的、被广泛接受的理论框架涵盖这一认知多方面领域的所有方面。此外，已发表的病例研究相对较少，这些研究包括对地形定向障碍进行全面的、基于理论的评估，并且该病症的治疗几乎没有受到正式研究（戴维斯和科尔特哈特，1999年的研究除外）。因此，本文重点在于构建一个宽泛的框架来理解地形认知，该框架整合了一些近期关于地形定向和心理意象的理论（法拉，1984年；科斯林，1980年；里多克和汉弗莱斯，1989年）。本文的目的是提出一个初步框架，该框架可作为进一步完善和发展理论提议的基础，并被临床医生用作评估规划的起点。
