Hill Ryan, Sendashonga Cyrie
Secretariat of the Convention Biological Diversity, 413 St. Jacques Street, Suite 800, Montreal, Quebec H2Y1N9 Canada.
Conserv Biol. 2006 Dec;20(6):1620-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00534.x.
Concerns have been raised regarding the potential adverse effects on biological diversity of the use of living modified organisms (LMOs, which are commonly known by similar terms such as genetically modified organisms). At the international level these concerns are addressed in part by an agreement known as the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety and include potential toxic effects of insect-resistant crops on nontarget organisms and potential ecological effects of gene flow from modified crops, fish, microorganisms, or insects to wild species or counterparts. We reviewed the protocol's main provisions, including those dealing with risk assessment and risk management, decision making on imports, documentation accompanying shipments, and liability resulting from damages caused by LMOs. A medium-term program of work has been adopted by the parties, which includes the potential contribution of conservation biologists to delivering capacity building, developing risk assessment guidance, evaluating mechanisms of potential ecological damages from LMOs, and other issues. Conservation biologists and other experts have opportunities to influence the negotiations and implementation of the protocol by providing inputs at meetings, offering expertise to governments and organizations, and participating in or developing relevant projects and initiatives. Involvement of conservation biologists in the implementation and further development of the protocol would contribute to its effectiveness.
人们对使用活体改性生物（LMO，通常也被称为转基因生物等类似术语）可能对生物多样性产生的不利影响表示担忧。在国际层面，这些担忧部分通过一项名为《卡塔赫纳生物安全议定书》的协议来解决，其中包括抗虫作物对非目标生物的潜在毒性影响以及转基因作物、鱼类、微生物或昆虫的基因流向野生物种或同类生物的潜在生态影响。我们审查了该议定书的主要条款，包括那些涉及风险评估和风险管理、进口决策、货物附带文件以及LMO造成损害的责任等方面的条款。各缔约方已通过一项中期工作计划，其中包括保护生物学家在提供能力建设、制定风险评估指南、评估LMO潜在生态损害机制及其他问题方面的潜在贡献。保护生物学家和其他专家有机会通过在会议上提供意见、向政府和组织提供专业知识以及参与或开展相关项目和倡议来影响该议定书的谈判和实施。保护生物学家参与该议定书的实施和进一步发展将有助于提高其有效性。
