Manfredi Clara, Cho Young Ik, Crittenden Kathleen S, Dolecek Therese A
Program for Cancer Control and Population Science, University of Illinois Cancer Center at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60608, USA.
Health Educ Res. 2007 Oct;22(5):747-56. doi: 10.1093/her/cyl155. Epub 2006 Dec 20.
The goals of this study were to (i) determine how factors commonly implicated in smoking cessation processes influenced smoking cessation in low socio-economic status (SES) women and (ii) elucidate the pathways through which these factors may lead to quitting smoking. Secondary analysis was conducted on data from 644 women smokers aged 18-45 years who had participated in an earlier experimental evaluation of a smoking cessation program, were still smokers at the 2-month post-intervention survey and completed an interview 6 months later. Path analysis (LISREL 8) was used to test a conceptual model in which (i) factors considered as precursors to quitting (motivation, self-efficacy, confidence, action and intention to quit) directly predicted subsequent quitting and (ii) health concerns, social pressure to quit and daily stress influenced quitting indirectly through their effects on the precursor factors and (iii) mediated the effects of background characteristics (race, education, single motherhood, pregnancy and exposure to the earlier smoking cessation intervention) on quitting. Overall, results supported this conceptual model and its applicability to low-SES women smokers and indicated significant pathways among specific factors. In particular, (i) only plans to quit, confidence and social pressure to quit directly predicted quitting; (ii) both health concerns and social pressure increased motivation to quit and (iii) the negative effect of daily stress on quitting was mediated through decreased self-efficacy.
（i）确定通常与戒烟过程相关的因素如何影响社会经济地位较低（SES）的女性戒烟，以及（ii）阐明这些因素可能导致戒烟的途径。对644名年龄在18至45岁之间的女性吸烟者的数据进行了二次分析，这些女性曾参与一项戒烟计划的早期实验评估，在干预后2个月的调查中仍在吸烟，并在6个月后完成了一次访谈。路径分析（LISREL 8）用于检验一个概念模型，其中：（i）被视为戒烟前兆的因素（动机、自我效能感、信心、行动和戒烟意图）直接预测随后的戒烟情况；（ii）对健康的担忧、社会戒烟压力和日常压力通过对前兆因素的影响间接影响戒烟；（iii）中介背景特征（种族、教育程度、单亲母亲身份、怀孕以及接触早期戒烟干预措施）对戒烟的影响。总体而言，结果支持了这一概念模型及其对低SES女性吸烟者的适用性，并表明了特定因素之间的重要途径。具体而言，（i）只有戒烟计划、信心和社会戒烟压力直接预测戒烟；（ii）对健康的担忧和社会压力都增加了戒烟动机；（iii）日常压力对戒烟的负面影响是通过自我效能感的降低来介导的。
