Chew Ginger L, Wilson Jonathan, Rabito Felicia A, Grimsley Faye, Iqbal Shahed, Reponen Tiina, Muilenberg Michael L, Thorne Peter S, Dearborn Dorr G, Morley Rebecca L
Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York 10034-4206, USA.
Environ Health Perspect. 2006 Dec;114(12):1883-9. doi: 10.1289/ehp.9258.
After Hurricane Katrina, many New Orleans homes remained flooded for weeks, promoting heavy microbial growth.
A small demonstration project was conducted November 2005-January 2006 aiming to recommend safe remediation techniques and safe levels of worker protection, and to characterize airborne mold and endotoxin throughout cleanup.
Three houses with floodwater lines between 0.3 and 2 m underwent intervention, including disposal of damaged furnishings and drywall, cleaning surfaces, drying remaining structure, and treatment with a biostatic agent. We measured indoor and outdoor bioaerosols before, during, and after intervention. Samples were analyzed for fungi [culture, spore analysis, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)] and endotoxin. In one house, realtime particle counts were also assessed, and respirator-efficiency testing was performed to establish workplace protection factors (WPF).
At baseline, culturable mold ranged from 22,000 to 515,000 colony-forming units/m3, spore counts ranged from 82,000 to 630,000 spores/m3, and endotoxin ranged from 17 to 139 endotoxin units/m3. Culture, spore analysis, and PCR indicated that Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Paecilomyces predominated. After intervention, levels of mold and endotoxin were generally lower (sometimes, orders of magnitude). The average WPF against fungal spores for elastomeric respirators was higher than for the N95 respirators.
During baseline and intervention, mold and endotoxin levels were similar to those found in agricultural environments. We strongly recommend that those entering, cleaning, and repairing flood-damaged homes wear respirators at least as protective as elastomeric respirators. Recommendations based on this demonstration will benefit those involved in the current cleanup activities and will inform efforts to respond to future disasters.
卡特里娜飓风过后，新奥尔良的许多房屋被洪水淹没数周，促使微生物大量滋生。
2005年11月至2006年1月开展了一个小型示范项目，旨在推荐安全的修复技术和工人安全防护水平，并在整个清理过程中对空气中的霉菌和内毒素进行特征描述。
对三间洪水水位在0.3至2米之间的房屋进行干预，包括处理受损的家具和石膏板、清洁表面、干燥剩余结构以及用抑菌剂进行处理。我们在干预前、干预期间和干预后测量了室内和室外生物气溶胶。对样本进行真菌[培养、孢子分析、聚合酶链反应（PCR）]和内毒素分析。在一间房屋中，还评估了实时颗粒计数，并进行了呼吸器效率测试以确定工作场所防护因子（WPF）。
在基线时，可培养霉菌范围为22,000至515,000菌落形成单位/立方米，孢子计数范围为82,000至630,000孢子/立方米，内毒素范围为17至139内毒素单位/立方米。培养、孢子分析和PCR表明，青霉属、曲霉属和拟青霉属占主导。干预后，霉菌和内毒素水平总体较低（有时低几个数量级）。弹性体呼吸器对真菌孢子的平均WPF高于N95呼吸器。
在基线和干预期间，霉菌和内毒素水平与农业环境中的水平相似。我们强烈建议，进入、清洁和修复洪水受损房屋的人员佩戴至少与弹性体呼吸器防护效果相当的呼吸器。基于该示范得出的建议将使当前参与清理活动的人员受益，并为应对未来灾害的工作提供参考。
Zotero 插件
