Alexandrov Andrei V, Hennerici Michael G
Stroke Research Program, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona 85013, USA.
Cerebrovasc Dis. 2007;23(4):256-9. doi: 10.1159/000098324. Epub 2006 Dec 29.
Writing an abstract means to extract and summarize (AB - absolutely, STR - straightforward, ACT - actual data presentation and interpretation). Thousands of abstracts are submitted to stroke conferences each year. The following suggestions may improve the chances of your work being selected for presentation, and to communicate results in the most efficient and unambiguous way. TITLE AND STRUCTURE: Make the title dynamic and informative, rather than descriptive. Structure the abstract following the IMRaD (Introduction, Methods, Results and Discussion) principle for your future original paper where background would become Introduction and conclusions would enter Discussion. Select the appropriate category for submission carefully. This determines which experts grade the abstract and the session where your competitors represent their work. If selected appropriately, your abstract is more likely to be graded by peers with similar interests and familiarity with your work or field. Methods should describe the study design and tools of data acquisition shortly, not data.
Provide data that answer the research question. Describe most important data with numbers and statistics. Make your point with data, not speculations and opinions. Abbreviations should be avoided and only be used after they have been spelled out or defined. Common mistakes include failure to state the hypothesis, rationale for the study, sample size and conclusions. Highlight the novelty of your work by carefully chosen straightforward wording.
Conclusions have to be based on the present study findings. Make sure your abstract is clear, concise and follows all rules. Show your draft to colleagues for critique, and if you are not a native English speaker show it to a person who can improve/correct your text. Remember that accepted abstracts of completed original research should be followed by published original papers - if this is not intended or fails, it may indicate an impaired ability to succeed in scientific writing and an academic career.
撰写摘要意味着提取并总结（AB - 绝对，STR - 直接，ACT - 实际数据呈现与解读）。每年有成千上万篇摘要提交至卒中会议。以下建议可能会增加你的作品被选中进行展示的机会，并以最有效且明确的方式传达研究结果。标题与结构：使标题具有动态性和信息性，而非描述性。按照IMRaD（引言、方法、结果与讨论）原则构建摘要，用于你未来的原创论文，其中背景将成为引言，结论将纳入讨论。仔细选择合适的提交类别。这决定了哪些专家评审该摘要以及你的竞争对手展示其作品的会议场次。若选择得当，你的摘要更有可能由对该工作或领域有相似兴趣且熟悉的同行进行评审。方法部分应简要描述研究设计和数据采集工具，而非数据本身。
提供回答研究问题的数据。用数字和统计数据描述最重要的数据。用数据说明观点，而非猜测和观点。应避免使用缩写，只有在拼写或定义后才可使用。常见错误包括未陈述假设、研究原理、样本量和结论。通过精心选择直接明了的措辞突出你工作的新颖性。
结论必须基于本研究的结果。确保你的摘要清晰、简洁且遵循所有规则。将草稿展示给同事以供批评，如果你不是以英语为母语的人，则展示给能够改进/纠正你文本的人。记住，已完成的原创研究被接受的摘要之后应紧接着发表原创论文——如果不打算这样做或未能做到，这可能表明在科学写作和学术生涯中取得成功的能力受损。
