Vernick Jon S, Webster Daniel W, Bulzacchelli Maria T, Mair Julie Samia
The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, USA.
J Law Med Ethics. 2006 Winter;34(4):765-75. doi: 10.1111/j.1748-720X.2006.00097.x.
Firearms were associated with 30, 136 deaths in the United States in 2003. Most guns are initially sold to the public through a network of retail dealers. Licensed firearm dealers are an important source of guns for criminals and gun traffickers. Just one percent of licensed dealers were responsible for more than half of all guns traced to crime. Federal law makes it difficult for ATF to inspect and revoke the licenses of problem gun dealers. State licensing systems, however, are a greatly under-explored opportunity for firearm dealer oversight. We identify and categorize these state systems to identify opportunities for interventions to prevent problem dealers from supplying guns to criminals, juveniles, or gun traffickers. Just seventeen states license gun dealers. Twenty-three states permit routine inspections of dealers but only two mandate that those inspections occur on a regular basis. Twenty-six states impose record-keeping requirements for gun sales. Only thirteen states require some form of store security measures to minimize firearm theft. We conclude with recommendations for a comprehensive system of state licensing and oversight of gun dealers. Our findings can be useful for the coalition of more than fifty U.S. mayors that recently announced it would work together to combat illegal gun trafficking.
2003年，在美国有30136人死于枪支。大多数枪支最初是通过零售经销商网络卖给公众的。有执照的枪支经销商是罪犯和枪支贩子获取枪支的一个重要来源。仅1%的有执照经销商就应对一半以上被追查与犯罪有关的枪支负责。联邦法律使得美国烟酒枪炮及爆炸物管理局难以检查并吊销有问题枪支经销商的执照。然而，州许可制度是对枪支经销商进行监督的一个未得到充分探索的重要机会。我们对这些州的制度进行识别和分类，以找出干预机会，防止有问题的经销商向罪犯、青少年或枪支贩子供应枪支。只有17个州对枪支经销商发放执照。23个州允许对经销商进行例行检查，但只有两个州规定这些检查要定期进行。26个州对枪支销售规定了记录保存要求。只有13个州要求采取某种形式的店铺安全措施，以尽量减少枪支被盗。我们最后提出了对枪支经销商进行州许可和监督的全面制度的建议。我们的研究结果可能对最近宣布将共同努力打击非法枪支贩运的五十多位美国市长组成的联盟有用。
