Wachsler-Felder Jana L, Golden Charles J
Center for Psychological Studies, Nova Southeastern University, 3301 College Avenue, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33064, USA.
Clin Psychol Rev. 2002 Apr;22(3):443-64. doi: 10.1016/s0272-7358(01)00108-8.
Pediatric HIV has reached epidemic proportions. In 1997, 1.1 million children younger than 15 were living with HIV or AIDS. The virus affects children cognitively and developmentally due to the immaturity of their nervous systems and immune systems. Studies in the area of neuropsychological deficits are as yet limited in number and less well developed than studies on adult HIV. However, despite methodological weaknesses, the literature has proven conclusively that pediatric HIV affects children cognitively, developmentally, emotionally, psychologically, behaviorally, and educationally. Although treatments are allowing these children to live longer, the effects of the virus remain, requiring special care. This review examines the mechanisms behind HIV in children, the neuropsychological findings to date, and the limitations of this work. Possible useful future approaches in understanding the neuropsychological course of the disorder, as well as directions for treatment and prevention are addressed.
儿童艾滋病已达到流行程度。1997年，110万15岁以下儿童感染了艾滋病毒或患有艾滋病。由于儿童神经系统和免疫系统不成熟，该病毒会影响其认知和发育。神经心理学缺陷领域的研究数量有限，且不如成人艾滋病研究那样成熟。然而，尽管存在方法上的弱点，但文献已确凿证明，儿童艾滋病会在认知、发育、情感、心理、行为和教育等方面影响儿童。尽管治疗使这些儿童寿命延长，但病毒的影响依然存在，需要特殊护理。本综述探讨了儿童艾滋病背后的机制、迄今为止的神经心理学研究结果以及这项工作的局限性。文中还讨论了未来在理解该疾病神经心理学病程方面可能有用的方法，以及治疗和预防的方向。
