Bloom Barbara, Dey Achintya N, Freeman Gulnur
Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, Hyattsville, Maryland 20882, USA.
Vital Health Stat 10. 2006 Dec(231):1-84.
This report presents both age-adjusted and unadjusted statistics from the 2005 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) on selected health measures for children under 18 years of age, classified by sex, age, race, Hispanic origin, family structure, parent education, family income, poverty status, health insurance coverage, place of residence, region, and current health status. The topics covered are asthma, allergies, learning disability, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), prescription medication use, respondent-assessed health status, school-loss days, usual place of health care, time since last contact with a health care professional, selected measures of health care access and utilization, and dental care.
NHIS is a multistage probability sample survey conducted annually by interviewers of the U.S. Census Bureau for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Center for Health Statistics and is representative of the civilian noninstitutionalized population of the United States. Data are collected for all family members during face-to-face interviews with adults present at the time of interview. Additional information about children is collected for one randomly selected child per family in face-to-face interviews with an adult proxy respondent familiar with the child's health.
In 2005, most U.S. children under 18 years of age had excellent or very good health (82%). However, 9% of children had no health insurance coverage, and 5% of children had no usual place of health care. Thirteen percent of children had ever been diagnosed with asthma. An estimated 7% of children 3-17 years of age had a diagnosed learning disability, and an estimated 7% of children had ADHD.
本报告展示了2005年美国国家健康访谈调查（NHIS）中按年龄调整和未调整的统计数据，这些数据涉及18岁以下儿童的选定健康指标，按性别、年龄、种族、西班牙裔血统、家庭结构、父母教育程度、家庭收入、贫困状况、医疗保险覆盖范围、居住地点、地区和当前健康状况分类。涵盖的主题包括哮喘、过敏、学习障碍、注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）、处方药使用、受访者自我评估的健康状况、缺课天数、通常的医疗保健地点、上次与医疗保健专业人员接触以来的时间、选定的医疗保健可及性和利用指标以及牙科保健。
NHIS是美国人口普查局的访谈员每年为疾病控制和预防中心的国家卫生统计中心进行的多阶段概率抽样调查，代表了美国非机构化平民人口。在与当时在场的成年人进行面对面访谈时，会收集所有家庭成员的数据。在与熟悉孩子健康情况的成年代理受访者进行面对面访谈时，会为每个家庭随机选择的一名儿童收集有关该儿童的更多信息。
2005年，大多数18岁以下的美国儿童健康状况极佳或非常好（82%）。然而，9%的儿童没有医疗保险覆盖，5%的儿童没有固定的医疗保健地点。13%的儿童曾被诊断患有哮喘。估计3至17岁的儿童中有7%被诊断患有学习障碍，估计有7%的儿童患有ADHD。
