Dodson Chad S, Bawa Sameer, Slotnick Scott D
Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4400, USA.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2007 Jan;33(1):169-81. doi: 10.1037/0278-7393.33.1.169.
The authors propose an illusory recollection account of why cognitive aging is associated with episodic memory deficits. After listening to statements presented by either a female or a male speaker, older adults were prone to misrecollecting past events. The authors' illusory recollection account is instantiated in a new illusory recollection signal detection model that provides a better fit of older adults' data than does the standard signal detection model. They observed that age-related differences in source memory (as measured by source d' scores) virtually disappear after accounting for the occurrence of illusory recollections. These data suggest that age-related source memory impairments are not due to older adults' remembering less diagnostic source information and having to guess more. Instead, older adults appear to misremember past events more often than younger adults.
作者们提出了一个关于认知衰老为何与情景记忆缺陷相关的虚幻回忆解释。在听完由女性或男性说话者呈现的陈述后，老年人容易错误回忆过去的事件。作者们的虚幻回忆解释体现在一个新的虚幻回忆信号检测模型中，该模型比标准信号检测模型能更好地拟合老年人的数据。他们观察到，在考虑虚幻回忆的发生后，源记忆中与年龄相关的差异（通过源d'分数衡量）几乎消失了。这些数据表明，与年龄相关的源记忆损伤并非由于老年人记住的诊断性源信息较少且不得不更多地猜测。相反，老年人似乎比年轻人更频繁地错误回忆过去的事件。
