Bar-Haim Yair, Lamy Dominique, Pergamin Lee, Bakermans-Kranenburg Marian J, van IJzendoorn Marinus H
Adler Center for Reasearch in Child Development and Psychopathology, Department of Psychology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
Psychol Bull. 2007 Jan;133(1):1-24. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.133.1.1.
This meta-analysis of 172 studies (N = 2,263 anxious,N = 1,768 nonanxious) examined the boundary conditions of threat-related attentional biases in anxiety. Overall, the results show that the bias is reliably demonstrated with different experimental paradigms and under a variety of experimental conditions, but that it is only an effect size of d = 0.45. Although processes requiring conscious perception of threat contribute to the bias, a significant bias is also observed with stimuli outside awareness. The bias is of comparable magnitude across different types of anxious populations (individuals with different clinical disorders, high-anxious nonclinical individuals, anxious children and adults) and is not observed in nonanxious individuals. Empirical and clinical implications as well as future directions for research are discussed.
这项对172项研究（焦虑组N = 2263，非焦虑组N = 1768）的荟萃分析，考察了焦虑中与威胁相关的注意偏向的边界条件。总体而言，结果表明，不同的实验范式和各种实验条件下均可靠地证明了这种偏向，但效应量仅为d = 0.45。尽管需要对威胁进行有意识感知的过程会导致这种偏向，但在意识之外的刺激中也观察到了显著的偏向。不同类型的焦虑人群（患有不同临床疾病的个体、高焦虑非临床个体、焦虑儿童和成人）的偏向程度相当，而非焦虑个体中未观察到这种偏向。文中还讨论了实证和临床意义以及未来的研究方向。
