Higa Charmaine K, Daleiden Eric L
Department of Psychology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 2430 Campus Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, United States.
J Anxiety Disord. 2008;22(3):441-52. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2007.05.005. Epub 2007 May 21.
Cognitive-behavioral models of social phobia emphasize the combined effects of cognitive biases in the maintenance of the condition, and recent findings in adults implicate self-focused attention as one such bias. However, research examining self-focus in youth is limited. This investigation examined the causal role of self-focused attention on threat interpretation biases in a community sample of 175 socially anxious children. Self-focused attention was experimentally induced via a mirror manipulation procedure and self-focused attention was assessed before and after mirror exposure. Social interpretation biases were examined via an ambiguous stories task with half of the children completing the task in front of a mirror and the other half without a mirror. Social anxiety predicted self-focus and threat interpretation bias. The mirror manipulation did not have an effect on focus of attention or on threat interpretation bias, nor did it interact with social anxiety. Implications and future research directions are discussed.
社交恐惧症的认知行为模型强调认知偏差在维持该病症中的综合作用，而近期针对成年人的研究表明自我关注就是其中一种偏差。然而，关于青少年自我关注的研究却很有限。本调查在一个由175名社交焦虑儿童组成的社区样本中，检验了自我关注对威胁解释偏差的因果作用。通过镜子操纵程序实验性地诱发自我关注，并在镜子暴露前后评估自我关注情况。通过一个模糊故事任务来检验社会解释偏差，一半儿童在镜子前完成任务，另一半则不在镜子前完成任务。社交焦虑预测了自我关注和威胁解释偏差。镜子操纵对注意力焦点或威胁解释偏差没有影响，也未与社交焦虑产生交互作用。文中讨论了研究结果的意义及未来研究方向。
