Lemaitre Bruno, Hoffmann Jules
Centre de Génétique Moléculaire, CNRS, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
Annu Rev Immunol. 2007;25:697-743. doi: 10.1146/annurev.immunol.25.022106.141615.
To combat infection, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster relies on multiple innate defense reactions, many of which are shared with higher organisms. These reactions include the use of physical barriers together with local and systemic immune responses. First, epithelia, such as those beneath the cuticle, in the alimentary tract, and in tracheae, act both as a physical barrier and local defense against pathogens by producing antimicrobial peptides and reactive oxygen species. Second, specialized hemocytes participate in phagocytosis and encapsulation of foreign intruders in the hemolymph. Finally, the fat body, a functional equivalent of the mammalian liver, produces humoral response molecules including antimicrobial peptides. Here we review our current knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying Drosophila defense reactions together with strategies evolved by pathogens to evade them.
为了对抗感染，果蝇（Drosophila melanogaster）依赖多种先天性防御反应，其中许多反应与高等生物相同。这些反应包括使用物理屏障以及局部和全身免疫反应。首先，上皮组织，如表皮下、消化道和气管中的上皮组织，通过产生抗菌肽和活性氧，既作为物理屏障，又作为对病原体的局部防御。其次，专门的血细胞参与血淋巴中外来入侵者的吞噬作用和包囊形成。最后，脂肪体相当于哺乳动物的肝脏，产生包括抗菌肽在内的体液反应分子。在这里，我们综述了目前关于果蝇防御反应潜在分子机制的知识，以及病原体为逃避这些反应而进化出的策略。
