Ohe H
Department of Urology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine.
Hinyokika Kiyo. 1991 Aug;37(8):785-8.
Since 1975 up to 1988, we have performed a mass screening program (MS) for prostatic diseases using transrectal ultrasonography (TRS) in the primary study. In our study, 42 cases of prostatic cancer (0.6%) was detected among 6,674 examinees. Out of 42 cases of cancer, 24 (57.1%) were diagnosed as early prostatic cancer (Stage A 1, Stage B 23). The detection rate of cancer in MS and the ratio of early stage of cancer among them were higher than those in the outpatient clinic of our department. Diagnostic accuracy of TRS, palpation and tumor markers in MS were studied respectively through our series of MS. TRS was useful for MS especially in low false negative rate. On the other hand, palpation was characteristic in low false positive rate. Prostatic specific antigen (PSA) among tumor markers was effective to detect early prostatic cancer. However, there were some problems about distinguishing early prostatic cancer from BPH, because of the high false positive rate.
从1975年到1988年，在初步研究中我们使用经直肠超声检查（TRS）对前列腺疾病进行了大规模筛查项目（MS）。在我们的研究中，6674名受检者中检测出42例前列腺癌（0.6%）。在42例癌症病例中，24例（57.1%）被诊断为早期前列腺癌（A1期，B期23例）。MS中癌症的检出率及其早期癌症的比例高于我们科室门诊。通过我们一系列的MS分别研究了TRS、触诊和肿瘤标志物的诊断准确性。TRS对MS很有用，尤其是假阴性率低。另一方面，触诊的特点是假阳性率低。肿瘤标志物中的前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）对检测早期前列腺癌有效。然而，由于假阳性率高，在区分早期前列腺癌和良性前列腺增生方面存在一些问题。
