Borowska Katarzyna, Jedrych Barbara, Czerny Krystyna, Zabielski Staniław
Wojskowy Instytut Medyczny w Warszawie, Klinika Dermatologiczna CSK MON.
Pol Merkur Lekarski. 2006 Oct;21(124):362-6.
Cell adhesion molecules (CAM) are a numerous, diverse group of cell surface proteins, which are both receptors and ligands for receptors. Their functions include adhesion, recognition, cell-cell interaction, and communication between mediate cells and extracellular matrix. The following groups of CAM can be distinguished: seletins, integrins, cadherins and other isoforms, including CD 44. Integrins are heterodimers formed from the alpha and beta chains. The a subclass is responsible for a specific bond with ligands. It defines the specificity of integrins. The 8 chain participates in the integration with cytoskeleton ptoteins. It determines the functions of the integrin receptor. The best recognized integrins include: integrin beta1, beta2 and beta3. The expression and activity of integrins have been found to be affected by a variety of factors being either activators or inhibitors. Adhesion molecules (including integrins) play a significant role in both physiological processes (embryogenesis, organogenesis, the normal growth and tissue development) and pathogenic ones. In the latter case, they are particularly involved in inflammatory, allergic and neoplastic diseases. The role of integrins is also emphasized in organ response to trauma and in skin lesion redevelopment. The knowlegde of the integrin molecular basis and that of other adhesion molecules can contribute significantly to the creation of new diagnostic and therapeutic perspectives. An adequate modification of cellular adhesion constitutes a promising way of the pathogenic processes control.
细胞黏附分子（CAM）是一类数量众多、种类多样的细胞表面蛋白，它们既是受体，也是受体的配体。其功能包括黏附、识别、细胞间相互作用以及介导细胞与细胞外基质之间的通讯。可区分出以下几类细胞黏附分子：选择素、整合素、钙黏蛋白及其他亚型，包括CD44。整合素是由α链和β链形成的异二聚体。α亚类负责与配体形成特定的结合。它决定了整合素的特异性。β链参与与细胞骨架蛋白的整合。它决定了整合素受体的功能。最广为人知的整合素包括：整合素β1、β2和β3。已发现整合素的表达和活性受多种激活剂或抑制剂因素的影响。黏附分子（包括整合素）在生理过程（胚胎发生、器官发生、正常生长和组织发育）和致病过程中均发挥着重要作用。在后一种情况下，它们尤其参与炎症、过敏和肿瘤性疾病。整合素在器官对创伤的反应以及皮肤损伤修复中的作用也得到了强调。对整合素分子基础及其他黏附分子的了解可显著有助于开创新的诊断和治疗前景。对细胞黏附进行适当修饰是控制致病过程的一种有前景的方法。
