Donahue J G, Nelson K E, Muñoz A, Vlahov D, Rennie L L, Taylor E L, Saah A J, Cohn S, Odaka N J, Farzadegan H
Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, MD.
Am J Epidemiol. 1991 Nov 15;134(10):1206-11. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116023.
In order to define the risk factors for infection with hepatitis C virus, the authors determined the prevalence and incidence of antibodies to hepatitis C in three cohorts in Baltimore, Maryland, enrolled in prospective studies of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection. Among 500 multi-transfused patients who underwent cardiac surgery in 1985 and 1986, 12 (2.4%) were hepatitis C seropositive before surgery while 19 (3.9%) developed antibodies in the 8-12 months after surgery. The seroprevalence of hepatitis C virus among 225 intravenous drug users followed since 1988 was 85%, which did not vary by HIV-1 status. Longer duration of intravenous drug use was significantly associated with hepatitis C seropositivity. Among 926 homosexual/bisexual men followed since 1984, 15 (1.6%) were hepatitis C seropositive; only intravenous drug use and a history of hepatitis A were marginally associated with hepatitis C in this population. No association was found between hepatitis C virus and HIV-1 or sexual behavior variables in this population. These data suggest that hepatitis C is readily transmitted by blood exposure, but is transmitted inefficiently by sexual means.
为了确定丙型肝炎病毒感染的危险因素，作者在马里兰州巴尔的摩的三个队列中开展了研究，这些队列参与了人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV-1）感染的前瞻性研究，他们测定了丙型肝炎抗体的患病率和发病率。在1985年和1986年接受心脏手术的500名多次输血患者中，12人（2.4%）在手术前丙肝血清学呈阳性，而19人（3.9%）在术后8至12个月内产生了抗体。自1988年以来随访的225名静脉吸毒者中，丙型肝炎病毒的血清流行率为85%，且不随HIV-1感染状态而变化。静脉吸毒时间越长，与丙肝血清学阳性显著相关。自1984年以来随访的926名同性恋/双性恋男性中，15人（1.6%）丙肝血清学呈阳性；在该人群中，只有静脉吸毒和甲型肝炎病史与丙肝有微弱关联。在该人群中未发现丙型肝炎病毒与HIV-1或性行为变量之间存在关联。这些数据表明，丙型肝炎很容易通过血液暴露传播，但通过性途径传播效率较低。
