Siu Eric C K, Tyndale Rachel F
Center for Addiction & Mental Health and Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2007;47:541-64. doi: 10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.47.120505.105354.
Cigarette smoking is the primary cause of numerous preventable diseases; as such, the goals of smoking cessation are both to reduce health risks and to improve the quality of life. Currently, the first-line smoking cessation therapies include nicotine replacement products and bupropion. The nicotinic receptor partial agonist varenicline has recently been approved by the FDA for smoking cessation. A newer product currently under development and seeking approval by the FDA are nicotine vaccines. Clonidine and nortriptyline have demonstrated some efficacy but side effects may limit their use to second-line therapeutic products. Other therapeutic drugs that are under development include rimonabant, mecamylamine, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, and dopamine receptor D3 antagonists. Inhibitors of nicotine metabolism are also promising candidates for smoking reduction and cessation. In conclusion, promising new therapeutic products are emerging and they will provide smokers additional options to assist in achieving smoking cessation.
吸烟是众多可预防疾病的主要原因；因此，戒烟的目标既是降低健康风险，也是提高生活质量。目前，一线戒烟疗法包括尼古丁替代产品和安非他酮。烟碱受体部分激动剂伐尼克兰最近已获美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）批准用于戒烟。一种目前正在研发并寻求FDA批准的新产品是尼古丁疫苗。可乐定和去甲替林已显示出一定疗效，但副作用可能会限制它们作为二线治疗产品的使用。其他正在研发的治疗药物包括利莫那班、美加明、单胺氧化酶抑制剂和多巴胺受体D3拮抗剂。尼古丁代谢抑制剂也是减少吸烟和戒烟的有前景的候选药物。总之，有前景的新治疗产品正在涌现，它们将为吸烟者提供更多帮助实现戒烟的选择。
