Brook Itzhak
Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA.
Rev Neurol Dis. 2006 Fall;3(4):182-9.
Botulism is a rare paralytic disease caused by a neurotoxin produced from the spore-forming bacterium Clostridium botulinum and in rare cases Clostridium butyricum and Clostridium baratii. Botulism has 4 naturally occurring syndromes: foodborne, wound, infant botulism, and adult intestinal toxemia. Inhalational botulism could result from aerosolization of botulinum toxin, and iatrogenic botulism can result from injection of toxin. All of these produce the same clinical syndrome of symmetrical cranial nerve palsies followed by descending, symmetric flaccid paralysis of voluntary muscles, which may progress to respiratory compromise and death. Treatment includes meticulous intensive care that includes mechanical ventilation, when necessary, and administration of antitoxin.
肉毒中毒是一种罕见的麻痹性疾病，由产芽孢的肉毒梭菌产生的神经毒素引起，在极少数情况下由丁酸梭菌和巴氏梭菌引起。肉毒中毒有4种自然发生的综合征：食源性、伤口性、婴儿肉毒中毒和成人肠道毒血症。吸入性肉毒中毒可能由肉毒毒素雾化引起，医源性肉毒中毒可能由毒素注射引起。所有这些都会产生相同的临床综合征，即对称性颅神经麻痹，随后是随意肌的下行性、对称性弛缓性麻痹，这可能会发展为呼吸功能不全和死亡。治疗包括精心的重症监护，必要时包括机械通气和给予抗毒素。
