Balvay Laurent, Lopez Lastra Marcelo, Sargueil Bruno, Darlix Jean-Luc, Ohlmann Théophile
Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Unité de Virologie Humaine, IFR 128, Lyon, F-69364 France.
Nat Rev Microbiol. 2007 Feb;5(2):128-40. doi: 10.1038/nrmicro1599.
All replication-competent retroviruses contain three main reading frames, gag, pol and env, which are used for the synthesis of structural proteins, enzymes and envelope proteins respectively. Complex retroviruses, such as lentiviruses, also code for regulatory and accessory proteins that have essential roles in viral replication. The concerted expression of these genes ensures the efficient polypeptide production required for the assembly and release of new infectious progeny virions. Retroviral protein synthesis takes place in the cytoplasm and depends exclusively on the translational machinery of the host infected cell. Therefore, not surprisingly, retroviruses have developed RNA structures and strategies to promote robust and efficient expression of viral proteins in a competitive cellular environment.
所有具有复制能力的逆转录病毒都包含三个主要阅读框，即gag、pol和env，它们分别用于合成结构蛋白、酶和包膜蛋白。复杂的逆转录病毒，如慢病毒，还编码在病毒复制中起重要作用的调节蛋白和辅助蛋白。这些基因的协同表达确保了组装和释放新的感染性子代病毒粒子所需的高效多肽产生。逆转录病毒蛋白合成发生在细胞质中，完全依赖于被感染宿主细胞的翻译机制。因此，毫不奇怪，逆转录病毒已经发展出RNA结构和策略，以在竞争激烈的细胞环境中促进病毒蛋白的强劲和高效表达。
