Givel Michael
Department of Political Science, The University of Oklahoma, 455 West Lindsey, Room 217, Norman, OK 73019, USA.
Health Policy. 2007 Oct;83(2-3):343-52. doi: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2006.12.003. Epub 2007 Jan 18.
Since the early 1980s, neo-liberals have argued that command and control regulation (such as modern tobacco control programs) are costly in supporting corporate markets and profits. Some recent social constructionists have also argued that weak and symbolic command and control policies are necessary to maintain corporate productivity. This paper examines whether the command and control-oriented United States cigarette warning label law is symbolic thus helping to maintain corporate profitability.
This paper compares United States and Canadian requirements that promote significant smoking cessation such as color pictures or graphics on cigarette packs. This paper also provides a detailed overview of the respective cigarette pack warning label laws through an archival and content analysis of tobacco industry documents, LexisNexis, web pages, and peer reviewed journal articles.
Cigarette pack warning label requirements under the command and control United States Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act are currently fairly symbolic and weak in promoting tobacco cessation when compared with the much stronger Canadian warning label requirements.
Contrary to the arguments of neo-liberals, symbolic command and control policies can actually support corporate private profit making, which for the tobacco industry occurs at the expense of the public health.
自20世纪80年代初以来，新自由主义者认为，指令性控制监管（如现代烟草控制项目）在支持企业市场和利润方面成本高昂。一些近期的社会建构主义者也认为，软弱且象征性的指令性控制政策对于维持企业生产力是必要的。本文探讨以指令性控制为导向的美国香烟警告标签法是否具有象征性，从而有助于维持企业盈利能力。
本文比较了美国和加拿大为促进显著戒烟而提出的要求，如香烟包装上的彩色图片或图案。本文还通过对烟草行业文件、LexisNexis、网页和同行评审期刊文章进行档案和内容分析，详细概述了各自的香烟包装警告标签法。
与要求更为严格的加拿大警告标签相比，美国《香烟标签与广告法》中指令性控制下的香烟包装警告标签要求目前相当具有象征性，在促进戒烟方面力度较弱。
与新自由主义者的观点相反，象征性的指令性控制政策实际上可能支持企业的私人盈利，而对烟草行业来说，这是以公众健康为代价的。
