Overdieck Dieter, Ziche Daniel, Böttcher-Jungclaus Kerstin
Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Okologie/Okologie der Gehölze, Königin-Luise-Str. 22, D-14195 Berlin, Germany.
Tree Physiol. 2007 Feb;27(2):261-8. doi: 10.1093/treephys/27.2.261.
Effects of temperature on growth and wood anatomy were studied in young European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) grown in 7-l pots for 2.5 years in field-phytotron chambers supplied with an ambient (approximately 400 micromol mol-1) or elevated (approximately 700 micromol mol-1) carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]). Temperatures in the chambers ranged in increments of 2 degrees C from -4 degrees C to +4 degrees C relative to the long-term mean monthly (day and night) air temperature in Berlin-Dahlem. Soil was not fertilized and soil water and air humidity were kept constant. Data were evaluated by regression analysis. At final harvest, stem diameter was significantly greater at increased temperature (Delta1 degrees C: 2.4%), stems were taller (Delta1 degrees C: 8.5%) and stem mass tree-1 (Delta1 degrees C: 10.9%) and leaf area tree-1(Delta1 degrees C: 6.5%) were greater. Allocation pattern was slightly influenced by temperature: leaf mass ratio and leaf area ratio decreased with increasing temperature (Delta1 degrees C: 2.3% and 2.2% respectively), whereas stem mass/total mass increased (Delta1 degrees C: 2.1%). Elevated [CO2] enhanced height growth by 8.8% and decreased coarse root mass/total mass by 10.3% and root/shoot ratio by 11.7%. Additional carbon was mainly invested in aboveground growth. At final harvest a synergistic interaction between elevated [CO2] and temperature yielded trees that were 3.2% taller at -4 degrees C and 12.7% taller at +4 degrees C than trees in ambient [CO2]. After 2.5 seasons, cross-sectional area of the oldest stem part was approximately 32% greater in the +4 degrees C treatment than in the -4 degrees C treatment, and in the last year approximately 67% more leaf area/unit tree ring area was produced in the highest temperature regime compared with the lowest. Elevated [CO2] decreased mean vessel area of the 120 largest vessels per mm2 by 5.8%, causing a decrease in water conducting capacity. There was a positive interaction between temperature and elevated [CO2] for relative vessel area, which was approximately 38% higher at +4 degrees C than at -4 degrees C in elevated [CO2] compared with ambient [CO2]. Overall, temperature had a greater effect on growth than [CO2], but elevated [CO2] caused quantitative changes in wood anatomy.
研究了温度对在7升花盆中生长2.5年的欧洲山毛榉幼树（Fagus sylvatica L.）生长和木材解剖结构的影响。这些幼树种植在田间植物人工气候室中，该气候室提供环境二氧化碳浓度（约400 μmol mol-1）或升高的二氧化碳浓度（约700 μmol mol-1）。相对于柏林-达勒姆的长期月平均（昼夜）气温，气候室内的温度以2℃的增量从-4℃变化到+4℃。土壤未施肥，土壤水分和空气湿度保持恒定。数据通过回归分析进行评估。在最终收获时，温度升高时茎直径显著增大（每升高1℃：2.4%），茎更高（每升高1℃：8.5%），单株茎质量（每升高1℃：10.9%）和单株叶面积（每升高1℃：6.5%）也更大。分配模式受温度的影响较小：叶质量比和叶面积比随温度升高而降低（每升高1℃分别为2.3%和2.2%），而茎质量/总质量增加（每升高1℃：2.1%）。升高的二氧化碳浓度使树高生长提高了8.8%，粗根质量/总质量降低了10.3%，根/冠比降低了11.7%。额外的碳主要用于地上部分的生长。在最终收获时，在-4℃时，升高的二氧化碳浓度与温度之间的协同相互作用使树木比处于环境二氧化碳浓度下的树木高3.2%，在+4℃时高12.7%。经过2.5个季节后，在+4℃处理中，最老茎段的横截面积比在-4℃处理中大约大32%，并且在最后一年，与最低温度条件相比，在最高温度条件下每单位年轮面积产生的叶面积大约多67%。升高的二氧化碳浓度使每平方毫米120个最大导管的平均导管面积减少了5.8%，导致导水能力下降。对于相对导管面积，温度与升高的二氧化碳浓度之间存在正相互作用，在升高的二氧化碳浓度条件下，与环境二氧化碳浓度相比，+4℃时的相对导管面积比-4℃时大约高38%。总体而言，温度对生长的影响大于二氧化碳浓度，但升高的二氧化碳浓度导致木材解剖结构发生数量变化。
