Bulić-Jakus Floriana, Ulamec Monika, Vlahović Maja, Sincić Nino, Katusić Ana, Jurić-Lekć Gordana, Serman Ljiljana, Kruslin Bozo, Belicza Mladen
Department of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Croatia.
Coll Antropol. 2006 Dec;30(4):921-4.
Teratomas and teratocarcinomas are tumors containing tissue derivatives of all three germ-layers. They can be induced by transplantation of animal embryos to ectopic microenvironment. Development of malignant teratocarcinomas depends on embryonic stage, species-specificity and immunological competence of the host. In the man, teratomas and teratocarcinomas usually represent a subtype of germ-cell tumors but sacrococcygeal teratomas arise from the remnants of the pluripotent primitive streak. Undifferentiated embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells are responsible for the malignancy of experimental mouse teratocarcinomas. Mouse EC cells injected to the adult give rise to tumors and upon injection to early embryos to differentiated tissues--thus resembling normal mouse embryonic stem cells (mESC). Epigenetic changes rather than mutations are associated with transformation of mESC to EC cells. Human EC and ES cell-lines (hESC) contain chromosomal abnormalities and can form teratocarcinoma after transplantation. ES cells are among those proposed for cell replacement therapy in the man. Suicide gene introduction should be recommended prior to their use in vivo to ablate them in case of malignant transformation.
畸胎瘤和畸胎癌是包含所有三个胚层组织衍生物的肿瘤。它们可通过将动物胚胎移植到异位微环境中诱导产生。恶性畸胎癌的发生取决于胚胎阶段、宿主的物种特异性和免疫能力。在人类中，畸胎瘤和畸胎癌通常是生殖细胞肿瘤的一种亚型，但骶尾部畸胎瘤起源于多能原始条带的残余组织。未分化的胚胎癌（EC）细胞是实验性小鼠畸胎癌恶性肿瘤的原因。将小鼠EC细胞注射到成年动物体内会引发肿瘤，而注射到早期胚胎中则会形成分化组织，因此类似于正常小鼠胚胎干细胞（mESC）。表观遗传变化而非突变与mESC向EC细胞的转化有关。人类EC和ES细胞系（hESC）存在染色体异常，移植后可形成畸胎癌。ES细胞是被提议用于人类细胞替代疗法的细胞之一。在将它们用于体内之前，建议引入自杀基因，以便在发生恶性转化时将其消除。
