Kusk K Ole, Wollenberger Leah
Institute of Environment and Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Building 113, Miljøvej 113, DK-2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark.
Ecotoxicology. 2007 Feb;16(1):183-95. doi: 10.1007/s10646-006-0112-2.
New and updated methods to detect and characterize endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are urgently needed for the purpose of environmental risk assessment since these substances are often not detected using existing chronic toxicity tests. Numerous reports on the effects of EDCs on crustacean development and reproduction have been published and the development of life-cycle tests with crustaceans has been prioritized within the OECD work program for endocrine disrupter testing and assessment. As a result, Sweden, and Denmark initiated a proposal for development of a full life-cycle test with marine copepods (Acartia tonsa, Nitocra spinipes, Tisbe battagliai, and Amphiascus tenuiremis). The present paper gives an overview on the endocrine system of crustaceans with special emphasis on development and reproduction, which are targets for endocrine disruption, and reviews available methods for detecting effects on development and reproduction in calanoid and harpacticoid copepods. A draft OECD guideline Copepod Development and Reproduction Test has been developed, and a pre-validation of this draft guideline was completed in 2005. An updated draft guideline, taking into account the results of the pre-validation, is now under validation in an international ring-test, which is running till the end of 2006.
由于现有慢性毒性测试往往无法检测出内分泌干扰化学物质（EDCs），因此迫切需要新的和更新的方法来检测和表征这些物质，以进行环境风险评估。关于EDCs对甲壳类动物发育和繁殖影响的众多报告已经发表，并且在经合组织内分泌干扰物测试和评估工作计划中，优先开展甲壳类动物生命周期测试的开发。因此，瑞典和丹麦发起了一项提案，旨在开发一种针对海洋桡足类动物（中华哲水蚤、刺尾猛水蚤、巴氏新哲水蚤和细巧华哲水蚤）的完整生命周期测试。本文概述了甲壳类动物的内分泌系统，特别强调了发育和繁殖，这两者是内分泌干扰的目标，并综述了检测对哲水蚤和猛水蚤发育和繁殖影响的现有方法。经合组织已经制定了一份《桡足类动物发育和繁殖测试指南》草案，该草案指南的预验证于2005年完成。考虑到预验证结果的更新草案指南目前正在进行国际循环测试验证，该测试将持续到2006年底。
