Kassa Jiri
Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
Arh Hig Rada Toksikol. 2006 Dec;57(4):427-34.
A good knowledge of the basic mechanisms of acute toxicity of organophosphorus compounds has lead to the development of specific antidotes able to counteract their acute toxic effects. Unfortunately, there are still some highly toxic organophosphorus compounds, called nerve agents, that are resistant to standard antidotal treatment. Relatively unsatisfactory antidotal treatment of acute poisonings with some nerve agents has prompted studies of pretreatment possibilities that would increase the resistance of organisms exposed to nerve agents. Current protection against nerve agent poisoning is pyridostigmine, but its prophylactic efficacy is rather limited. To increase the effectiveness of pharmacological pretreatment of soman or tabun poisoning, a prophylactic mixture called PANPAL and consisting of pyridostigmine and two anticholinergic drugs - benactyzine and trihexyphenidyle was developed, produced and introduced into the Czech Army to protect soldiers against nerve agent exposure. This review describes the evaluation of the potency of PANPAL to counteract acute soman or tabun poisoning and to increase the therapeutic and neuroprotective efficacy of current post-exposure antidotal treatment in comparison with pyridostigmine given alone as pretreatment.
对有机磷化合物急性毒性基本机制的深入了解，促使了能够对抗其急性毒性作用的特效解毒剂的研发。不幸的是，仍存在一些剧毒有机磷化合物，即所谓的神经毒剂，它们对标准解毒治疗具有抗性。某些神经毒剂急性中毒的解毒治疗效果相对不尽人意，这促使人们研究预处理的可能性，以提高接触神经毒剂的生物体的抵抗力。目前针对神经毒剂中毒的防护药物是吡啶斯的明，但其预防效果相当有限。为提高对梭曼或塔崩中毒进行药物预处理的效果，一种名为PANPAL的预防性合剂被研发、生产并引入捷克军队，用以保护士兵免受神经毒剂侵害。该合剂由吡啶斯的明以及两种抗胆碱能药物——苯那辛和苯海索组成。这篇综述描述了对PANPAL对抗急性梭曼或塔崩中毒的效力评估，以及与单独使用吡啶斯的明作为预处理相比，PANPAL如何提高当前暴露后解毒治疗的疗效和神经保护效果。
