Cardona Robert Andrew, Ritchie Elspeth Cameron
Community Mental Health Service, Reynolds Army Community Hospital, Fort Sill, OK 73503-6300, USA.
Mil Med. 2007 Jan;172(1):31-5. doi: 10.7205/milmed.172.1.31.
Through the stimulus of war and concerns about neuropsychiatric disability, the U.S. military developed methods to rapidly screen the mental health of World War I and II draftees. Intelligence testing and brief psychiatric screening expanded the accession physical examination and underwent revision to identify only gross mental health disability. Supplemental psychiatric evaluations and written psychological screening tools were abandoned after postwar assessments; they demonstrated poor predictive power in evaluating recruit service capacity for combat environments. Currently, only three mental health accession tools are used to screen applicants before their entrance into military service, namely, educational achievement, cognitive testing, and a cursory psychiatric evaluation. The Navy and Air Force use a fourth screening measure during entry-level training. Educational attainment with high school graduation has been the strongest predictor of finishing a service term. The purpose of this article is to provide both a historical review and a review of testing efforts.
通过战争的刺激以及对神经精神残疾的担忧，美国军方开发了快速筛查第一次世界大战和第二次世界大战应征入伍者心理健康状况的方法。智力测试和简短的精神科筛查扩展了入伍体检内容，并进行了修订，以仅识别严重的心理健康残疾。战后评估后，补充精神科评估和书面心理筛查工具被放弃；它们在评估新兵在战斗环境中的服役能力方面显示出较差的预测能力。目前，只有三种心理健康入伍工具用于在申请人入伍前进行筛查，即教育成就、认知测试和粗略的精神科评估。海军和空军在入门级训练期间使用第四种筛查措施。高中毕业的教育程度一直是完成服役期的最强预测指标。本文的目的是提供历史回顾和测试工作回顾。
